DEVELOPING LOW SULFUR FUEL FROM WASTE LUBRICANTS CONTAINING DIFFERENT TYPES OF BASE OIL THROUGH TWO STAGE PYROLYSIS DISTILLATION PROCESS

• Main Author: Santi Lestari, Rr
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75243
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

With the occurrence of the energy crisis, to the importance of finding alternative energy sources, it is very necessary to recycle waste lubricants. Several studies state that waste lubricants can be used as fuel. The purpose of recycling waste lubricants into fuel in this study is to develop materials resulting from distillation pyrolysis into low-sulphur fuels, using waste lubricants with different types of base oil, with the scope of waste lubricants originating from motorbikes. The ultimate goal as well as the benefits of this study is to reduce consumption of crude oil as a fuel source, and also protect the environment from harmful and toxic chemicals. The distillation pyrolysis process as the chosen waste lubricant recycling methodology is carried out in two stages at a temperature of 400 ºC. The use of adsorbents Na2CO3, CaO and a combination of Na2CO3– CaO in the desulfurization process aims to produce low-sulphur fuel, which meets the requirements as diesel fuel with EURO 3 specifications.Recycling waste lubricants using a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process resulted in a reduction in sulfur content of 66,32% w/w – 70,66% w/w. Whereas the use of Na2CO3 adsorbent can reduce sulfur levels by 81,81% w/w to 83,86% w/w, and when using CaO adsorbent can reduce sulfur levels by 79,37% w/w to 86,20% w/w. The combined use of Na2CO3 – CaO adsorbents can reduce sulfur content by 90,31% w/w to 94,33% w/w for lubricant waste with different types of base ingredients. This study proves that a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process using combined adsorbents Na2CO3 – CaO in the motorcycle lubricant waste recycling process with an adsorbent concentration of 40% w/v and a reaction time of 60 minutes, can produce low sulfur fuel that meets diesel fuel specifications. EURO 3, namely with a sulfur content of 226 ppm – 290 ppm. The performance of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel when the lowest sulfur content (299 ppm) was obtained with the smallest adsorbent concentration and the fastest time using a combined Na2CO3 – CaO adsorbent with a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process from mineral waste type was color ASTM – 2.0, kinematic viscosity – 2,204 cSt, water content – 288 ppm, acid number – 0,252 mg KOH/g, flash point PMcc – 55 ºC, cetane index – 69,35, density at 15 ºC – 822,6 Kg/m3 , 90% distillation – 337,15 ºC. The performance of the physical and iv chemical characteristics of the fuel when the lowest sulfur content (293 ppm) was obtained with the smallest adsorbent concentration and the fastest time using a combined Na2CO3 – CaO adsorbent with a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process from semi-synthetic waste type was color ASTM – 1.8, kinematic viscosity – 1,981 cSt, water content – 240 ppm, acid number – 0,095 mg KOH/g, flash point PMcc – 55 ºC, cetane index – 72,77, density at 15 ºC – 815,2 Kg/m3 , 90% distillation – 333,12 ºC. The performance of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel when the lowest sulfur content (233 ppm) was obtained with the smallest adsorbent concentration and the fastest time using a combined Na2CO3 – CaO adsorbent with a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process from a fully synthetic waste type was color ASTM – 1.0, kinematic viscosity – 1,997 cSt, water content – 268 ppm, acid number – 0,246 mg KOH/g, flash point PMcc – 52 ºC, cetane index – 78,91, density at 15 ºC – 813,2 Kg/m3 , 90% distillation – 321,78 ºC. The performance of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel when the lowest sulfur content (281 ppm) was obtained with the smallest adsorbent concentration and the fastest time using a combined Na2CO3 – CaO adsorbent with a two-stage distillation pyrolysis process from mixed waste type color ASTM – 1.3, kinematic viscosity – 2,316 cSt, water content – 273 ppm, acid number – 0,143 mg KOH/g, flash point PMcc – 55 ºC, cetane index – 60,67, density at 15 ºC – 828,9 Kg/m3 , 90% distillation – 325,71 ºC. Sulfur content which was not significantly different for pyrolysis oil occurred when using combined adsorbents and reaction times of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes and 240 minutes. From these data it can be said that the most effective concentration and reaction time used to recycle waste lubricants are 40 b/v with a reaction time of 60 minutes.