SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM HEARTWOOD OF CRYPTOCARYA PULCHRINERVIA AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY TEST AGAINST MURINE LEUKEMIA P-388 CELLS

• Main Author: Malik Hakim, Andi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75606
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cryptocarya is a genus of plants in the Lauraceae family, which has 350 species. This plant spreads over the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, and Papua, and is also locally known as "medang or huru ". This genus is used as a raw material for pulp in the paper industry (C. ferrea), and in traditional medicines, such as for muscle pain, joint pain, and fever (C. massoy), for fungal and bacterial infections (C. alba), and for headaches and nausea (C. latifolia). Phytochemical studies of the genus Cryptocarya have reported that it contains flavonoids, pyrones, and alkaloids as the main secondary metabolites. The other secondary metabolites are phenylpropanoid, lignans, stilbenoids, terpenoids, and steroids. The isolation of compounds in this species was carried out in various tissues, including bark, stem wood, roots, fruit, and leaves. The extracts isolated from the genus Cryptocarya have shown various activities, including anticancer, antifungal, insecticidal, and cholinesterase (Alzheimer's) inhibition. One of the Cryptocarya species growing in Indonesia is C. pulchrinervia. Studies on secondary metabolites in the leaves of C. pulchrinervia have reported the presence of several pyrone derivatives, namely (S)-rugulactone, pulchrinervialactone A, pulchrinervialactone B, and cryptobrachitone C. In addition, amide derivatives were also obtained, such as N-transferuloyl tryptamine, N-trans -feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine. Several pyrone-derived compounds obtained from this plant significantly inhibited the growth of P-388 murine leukemia cells. However, the research on other tissues has not been carried out. Therefore, the objective of this research was to isolate the secondary metabolites of heartwood of C. pulchrinervia and to conduct a cytotoxic activity assay of the acetone extract and the isolated compounds against murine leukemia P-388 cells. The methods used in this study included extraction (maceration) using acetone solvent, extract fractionation, and purification using various chromatographic methods, including vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and gravity column chromatography (GCC). The structure determination of the isolated compounds was carried out based on spectroscopic data from 1D-NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and 2D-NMR (HSQC and HMBC). The isolated compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells following the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-1-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay method. Its cytotoxic activity was expressed its Inhibitory Concentration (IC50). Four secondary metabolites were isolated and identified as syringaldehyde (7.0 mg), coniferaldehyde (6.5 mg), sinapaldehyde (11.6 mg), and b-sitosterol (59.9 mg). The IC50 value of the acetone extract of the heartwood of C. pulchrinervia was 57.9 µg/mL. While the IC50 values of the isolated compounds, i.e., syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and b-sitosterol were 28.1 µg/mL, 26.5 µg/mL, 24.0 µg/mL, and 5.9 µg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, b-sitosterol was categorized as having moderate activity, while acetone extract, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, and sinapaldehyde were categorized as inactive