EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF TITANIA NANOPARTICLES CROSSLINKER IN A MIXTURE OF CMHPG-MODIFIED KLUWIH SEED STARCH-ARROWROOTS STARCH-CHITOSAN AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER BASE GEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FRACTURING FLUID FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING APPLICATIONS

• Main Author: Allan Setiawan, Lay
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Pertambangan dan operasi berkaitan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75733
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

hydraulic fracturing of shale gas formations in Indonesia cannot be compared to America, where the average shale gas formation in America is drilled using slickwater fracturing fluid. It is because there are differences in the characteristics of shale hydrocarbons in Indonesia and the United States. One way is to use a different fracturing fluid than hydraulic fracturing shale gas in America, which is not made from slickwater but from polymer. It should also be noted that the polymer for deep shale gas formation is quite expensive because it must have high-temperature stability. Laboratory studies are needed to develop new polymers produced domestically with readily available materials that are economical and do not damage the environment. Kluwih seed starch, arrowroot starch, and chitosan are biopolymers that have been studied to act as thickening agents in hydraulic fracturing so that they are used as base gels in crosslink fluid because their functional groups are almost similar to guar. Laboratory studies are carried out through a series of processes. From polymer extraction to polymer derivatization with propylene oxide and chloroacetic acid, resulting in modified biopolymers. This derivatization aims to reduce impurities, increase pH tolerance and improve temperature stability. The results showed that the biopolymer was pure without any impurities. In liquids, biopolymers act as viscosifying agents for fracturing fluids. In addition, this biopolymer still has to be combined again with synthetic polymers. Individually, neither these biopolymers nor synthetic polymers fall short in performance or price. However, when these polymers are combined, they exhibit synergistic interactions, resulting in a higher viscosity and better thermal stability than the individual polymer systems. In addition, polymers are still dominantly dependent on foreign products, making the price even more expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct laboratory studies on developing new polymers produced domestically with easy-to-obtain and economical materials. After the biopolymer is prepared, biopolymer derivatization is carried out to become a modified biopolymer. Next, polymer polymers on a CMHPG base gel were prepared at a concentration of 40 lb/1,000 gal, crosslinked with a complex titanium crosslinker, and cleaved with sodium bromate oxidizer at 275°F. Tests for the thermal resistance of polymers and base gels use the TG/DTA test equipment. Tests were carried out on a rotational viscometer for viscosity. Tests for elasticity, viscosity, and breaker are carried out using an oven. The results of the TG/DTA test showed that the starch from the kluwih seed, chitosan and arrowroot tubers were superior to CMHPG. The viscosity test results showed that the mixture fracturing fluid polymer produced stable crosslinks at 300°F and 100 s-1. The CMHPG polymer mixture showed the most significant increase in viscosity, then modified chitosan, arrowroot tuber starch, and kluwih seed starch. The results also showed that the mixture between biopolymer and synthetic polymer increased the peak viscosity of the mix. The two polymers create a crosslinker network, allowing reduced polymer loading applications. In addition, the polymer blend fracture fluid exhibited well-adjusted delayed crosslinking and oxidizer-fixed clean breakers. Expect new polymer blend technologies in hydraulic fracturing to reduce material costs, facilitate field operations, and reduce damage to proppant packs and formations.