UTILISASI ECENG GONDOK (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) DAN KAYU APU (PISTIA STRATIOTES) HASIL FITOREMEDIASI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TEKSTIL SEBAGAI BIO-BASED REINFORCEMENT BIOKOMPOSIT

• Main Author: Leonita, Agnes
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/76786
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Currently, the textile industry is experiencing a rapid increase, but it is followed by an increase in the amount of liquid waste containing organic pollutant compounds and heavy metals in the form of chromium, which can reduce water quality and are toxic. To prevent negative impacts on the environment, it is necessary to treat waste, one of which is the phytoremediation process. In this study, the plants that function as phytoremediators are water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and watercress (Pistia stratiotes). These plants can reproduce rapidly and are able to absorb large amounts of pollutant compounds. The phytoremediation process in this study uses a constructed wetland system. Prior to the phytoremediation process, the plants were acclimatized for 7 days, and the phytoremediation process was carried out for 14 days. The variations in the concentration of textile industry wastewater (LICIT) for phytoremediation were control (distilled water), 25%, and 60% V/V. Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes are good phytoremediator plants and are able to reduce the concentration of pollutant compounds in LICIT. The highest decrease in pollutant concentration was at 60% variation, with a removal efficiency of 52% COD, 83.7% BOD5, 99.9% ammonia, 59.6% TSS, 93.3% Cr (total), and 93.3% Cr (VI), as well as a decrease in pH from 8.7 to 7.9 and TDS from 243 mg/L to 85 mg/L. The relative growth rate of Eichhornia crassipes was 0.041 g.g-1.day-1 and that of Pistia stratiotes was 0.024 g.g-1.day-1. Phytoremediation practices must be carried out on an ongoing basis so as not to generate new waste and so that plant biomass resulting from phytoremediation is utilized as bio-based biocomposite reinforcement. The stems and leaves of water hyacinth and apu wood resulting from phytoremediation were dried, reduced in size, and mixed with natural polymers in the form of a mixture of gelatin, glycerol, acetic acid, and water. The tensile strength of the resulting biocomposite has a value of 0.17 MPa, a density value of 0.85 g/cm3, a water absorption capacity of 90%, and is proven to be biodegradable. Based on these results, this biocomposite material has characteristics suitable for use as a decorative sheet.