GEOTRAIL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL HISTORY IN THE UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK IJEN EAST JAVA

• Main Author: Abdillah
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Geologi, hidrologi & meteorologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/77049
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Ijen Geopark is one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks in East Java province, precisely in Banyuwangi and Bondowoso Regencies. The geological history of the Ijen Geopark began during the Oligocene-Miocene, which was marked by outcrops and hills from volcanoes in the south of the Geopark area due to the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate to the Eurasian Plate. About five million years ago these mountains died out, then due to changes in subduction, volcanoes formed which are now as far north as fifty kilometers from their initial position. there are several mountains formed in the north, such as Mount Baluran, Mount Ringgit, the Ancient Ijen Complex, and the youngest is Mount Raung. The geological history of this area has not been completed until now, so this research was carried out. A geological heritage site (Geosite) is a geological heritage object (geoheritage) with certain characteristics, both individual and multi-object, which are an integral part of an evolutionary story of the formation of an area. Geotrail in this study is a geotourism route that functions to connect one point to another that has connecting links and is also related to supporting infrastructure. This study aims to get a characterization of the geotourism route, make a geotourism route according to the geological story, recommend to local policy makers for future geopark development. There are several methods used in this study including the satellite imagery method to observe old eroded volcanoes, direct field observations to obtain geological features that appear at each site and also the links between existing geological sites, to using the SWOT method to recommend policies to relevant stakeholders related to the development of the next geotourism route. The focus of this characterization analysis lies in geological features, geological age and also geological settings that occur in the Ijen Geopark Area. The evolution of volcanoes from south to north with the karst transition becomes an interesting story when the journey unfolds based on the characterization of the emerging geotrail. The initial growth of an old oligocene volcano in the South first, which is now a beautiful rocky beach, shifting to the east there is a fairly large karst phenomenon and ending with the growth of an active volcano in the north which is currently young, known as the ancient Ijen complex. The characterization results based on the parameters of geological features, geological periods and geological settings gave rise to five types of geotrails. The geotrail titles that appear include Explore the Window of Ancient Volcanoes of Southern Java, Explore the Transition from Volcanoes to Karst Landscape, Traveling Around the Giant Ijen Caldera, Explore the Worldwide Volcanoes of Ijen, Explore the Intracaldera Highland. Of course, this travel story can be used as geotourism material for the history of the volcano that underlies the Ijen Geopark which has become a UNESCO Global Geopark representing the name of the Government of Indonesia on the world stage. In addition, from the SWOT analyzed, it was concluded that the development of accessibility, attractions and amenities involved elements of the pentahelix by forming a coordination forum between stakeholders to support the integration of the site into a geotrail, formulating regulations related to land conversion in the Ijen Geopark tourist area to minimize environmental disturbance and carry out mapping human resources as a conservation and disaster mitigation cadre node with an human resources capacity building program..