ANALYSIS OF IMPACT FROM FOOD ENRICHMENT TOWARD BORNEAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO PYGMAEUS) BEHAVIOR AT BANDUNG ZOO

• Main Author: Ferdian, Fariz
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/77139
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Degradation of Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) habitat area impacts Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) population decline that make this species is categorized as critically endangered species. One of conservation methods to save orangutan’s population is ex-situ conservation where species is conserved out from its natural habitat. However, the method can cause orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) behavioral change so research is needed to examine whether an ex-situ conservation site is able to maintain orangutan’s (Pongo pygmaeus) natural behavior. Research was done in Bandung Zoo, Bandung, Indonesia from February 4th 2023 till March 9th 2023. Research was divided into three treatments: control treatment, first treatment where enrichments are placed on lower ground of cage, and second treatment where enrichment are placed on higher platform on cage. The enrichment that is used is gunny sack which filled with Orangutan’s daily food. For one treatment, the observation is done for 6 days. Each day, observation with focal sampling-all occurrence method is done for 5 hours with one hour per period interval. Results contain activity budget and latency time. Periodical and daily activity budget mean was counted and visualized through histograms, while sex-based latency time mean was visualized through box plot and scatter plot. Data analyzing using Rstudio software is done by running Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to analyze distribution normality and ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze significant difference on data. Activity budgets show inactive behavior decline after enrichment treatment, while latency time data show male orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) has higher cognitive skill than female one. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test result for activity budget shows male’s p-value is 0.422 while female’s is 0.033, while ANOVA test result for latency time shows male’s p-value is 0.52 and female’s is 0.08. The research result and discussion show that Bandung Zoo has a great management in orangutan conservation effort which is must be maintained.