MICROBIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI IN CITARUM RIVER FROM HOSPITAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

• Main Author: Kandio, Nadhira
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/77490
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Risks to the environment and public health are increased when wastewater flows to nearby river contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Limited research has compared the bacterial resistance patterns in rivers and different wastes in Indonesia, nevertheless. As a result, this study analyses and compares the pattern of Escherichia coli antibiotic resistance in water samples from nine sites along the Upper Citarum River, including wastewater effluents from five pharmaceutical companies and two hospitals. On Chromocult® Coliform Agar ES, susceptible and resistant colony counts was evaluated using the agar dilution method. Eleven antibiotics, namely amoxicillin, amoxiclav, tetracycline, thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, gentamycin, ceftazidime, clindamycin, erythromycin, cefotaxime, and meropenem were used to determine the profile. The physicochemical characteristics of samples from rivers and wastewater were examined. The outcome demonstrates that hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater were more likely to contain AREc. Escherichia coli, which is resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and thiamphenicol, is most abundant in pharmaceutical company effluent (49,550 ± 66,447 cfu/100mL) and has the greatest AREc proportion (70,1% of colonies were resistant to at least one class of antibiotic). 1,800 CFU/100mL of meropenem-resistant Escherichia coli were found in the hospital wastewater treatment plants' intake. Due to the buildup of ARECs from the wastewater, Escherichia coli on the river was also found to be resistant to more diverse antibiotics. Downstream Dayeuhkolot part of the river has the highest concentration of AREc (11.5% from 36,825 ± 18,954 CFU/100 mL), which is resistant to clindamycin, amoxiclav, meropenem, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the source of antibioticresistant bacteria in the Upper Citarum Watershed. By analysing resistance patterns, 40% of pharmaceutical industries and all of hospitals were proven to contribute to E. coli contamination in Upper Citarum River.