FORMULA OPTIMIZATION OF BASIL (OCIMUM AMERICANUM L.) LEAF EXTRACT EMULSION WITH THE COLLOIDAL NETWORK SYSTEM USING THE BOX-BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Background and purpose: Basil leaf extract, which has high antioxidant activity, can stabilize pickering emulsion systems. This study aims to optimize the composition of the pickering emulsion of basil leaf extract using a colloidal network system using the Box-Behnken experimental design. Met...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/77994 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Background and purpose: Basil leaf extract, which has high antioxidant activity,
can stabilize pickering emulsion systems. This study aims to optimize the
composition of the pickering emulsion of basil leaf extract using a colloidal network
system using the Box-Behnken experimental design. Methods: Extraction was done
using a combination of maceration and sonication methods using 75% ethanol. The
components of the pickering emulsion formula consist of sunflower seed oil, basil
leaf extract, hexylene glycol, tween 20, glycerin, and urea. Tween 20 is made at 1%
fixed composition. Parameter screening was performed using the One Variable at
Time (OVAT) method. The Box-Behnken experimental design was carried out using
three main factors identified from the preliminary analysis. The optimum formula
was then evaluated for pH, globule size, zeta potential, viscosity, and microscopic
appearance and tested for stability, antioxidant activity, and permeation in vitro.
Results: The yield of ethanol extract of basil leaves obtained was 4.68%. The
optimum formula composition requires a humectant ratio hexylene glycol- glycerin
(4.7%:1.3%), 2% extract concentration, and 5.5% urea concentration. The
optimum formula has a globule size of 234.20 ± 16.44 nm, antioxidant activity
equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 333.60 ± 8.18 mg of ascorbic acid per g of
extract, pH 4.6 ± 0,01, zeta potential value -31.32 mV, and a viscosity of 1.240 ±
0.02 cP. Microscopy revealed the formation of a colloidal network structure. The
optimized formula exhibited stability over two months of storage at room (25 ± 2°C)
and refrigerator (4 ± 2°C) temperature and a notable in vitro penetration rate of
83.87% during a 240-min testing period. Conclusion: The optimum formula from
Box-Behnken surface response testing successfully achieved the desired target size
response below 300 nm, coupled with high antioxidant activity. This outcome
suggests significant potential for advancing this formulation as an effective antiaging solution.
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