STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FLUIDIZATION VELOCITY ON THE CALCINATION AND CARBONATION REACTIONS OF THE CALCIUM LOOPING

• Main Author: Keza Pratama, Ramadhana
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/78824
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The industrial sector is one of the sectors that produces the most CO2 emissions in the world. In the cement industry, the CO2 emissions produced reach 7% of total global emissions. CO2 emissions as a greenhouse gas will cause global warming. There are many ways that can be done to reduce CO2 emissions in the cement industry, such as substituting fossil fuels with alternative fuels, increasing the efficiency of energy use, using new raw materials, and reducing the clinker ratio. However, there is another way to reduce CO2 emissions, namely using carbon capture technology (CCS). One part of CCS technology is calcium looping. This technology utilizes reversible reactions of calcination and carbonation. In this research, calcination and carbonation reactions were tested with variations in fluidization velocity. The calcination reaction is the decomposition reaction of CaCO3 into CaO and CO2 while the carbonation reaction is the capture reaction of CO2 by CaO with CaCO3 as the product. On the other hand, fluidization is a technique for making solid particles behave like a fluid due to gas flow. The research began by preparing limestone at a certain particle size and then grouped into Geldart groups. Next, the fludization phenomenon was validated with the results of Geldart B particles showing bubling fluidization. Based on this, Geldart B particles were selected as the particle type for the calcination and carbonation reactions. The calcination reaction test results showed that increasing the fluidization velocity succesfully increased the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO with the maximum conversion reaching 100%. To prepare carbonation reaction sample, CaO, the calcination reaction was retested. After testing, it was found that the conversion value of the retest had reached a value of 95% to 100%, only the Padang sample had a conversion value of 77.93%. Then, a carbonation reaction experiment was carried out with variations in fluidization velocity, and it was concluded that increasing the fluidization velocity would increase the conversion of CaO to CaCO3, but starting from the velocity of umf4 to umf8, the conversion value of CaO to CaCO3 no longer changed. This is caused by the formation of a protective carbonate layer on the particle surface. Based on the results of the carbonation reaction test, the absorbtion ability of CaO to CO2 varies for each limestone source. The highest average absorption capacity is 57.80% for the Bayah sample, while the lowest average absorption capacity is 27.95% for the Padang sample. The difference in absorbtion capacity is caused by differences in the geological process of limestone formation so that each limestone source has different characteristics.