THE EFFECT OF CITY PARKS VEGETATION TO MEDAN CITY TEMPERATURE DECREASE

• Main Author: Raissa Iskandar, Paramasatya
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/78857
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Medan City experienced a temperature increase from 22.9°C in 2000 to 27°C in 2019 due to rapid population growth. City parks, as green areas in urban environments, play a significant ecological role in maintaining biodiversity and can help regulate temperatures. Each city park has a different composition of plant species and environmental characteristics, such as the presence of water bodies. Therefore, research on the function of city parks is necessary to understand how vegetation can lower urban temperatures. The study was conducted in three parks in Medan City: Ahmad Yani Park, Beringin Park, and Gajahmada Park. Plant surveys were carried out using 10x10 meter plots with three repetitions in each park. The species names of each tree (diameter at breast height, DBH ?10 cm) in the parks were recorded to observe tree diversity at each research location. Air temperature was measured using data loggers in each park and in the surrounding areas at distances of 250 meters and 750 meters. Measurements were taken four times. The results show that each park has a different plant composition. Ahmad Yani Park is dominated by Roystonea regia (87.76% INP) and Ficus benjamina (68.22%), Beringin Park is dominated by Pometia pinnata (62.98%) and Ficus benjamina (55.37%), while Gajahmada Park is dominated by Roystonea regia (103.55%) and Adenanthera pavonina (51.61%). All three parks exhibited lower temperatures compared to their surrounding urban areas. Ahmad Yani Park had an average temperature of 27.99±2.59°C, while the temperature increased to 29.16±2.24°C at a 250-meter distance in the residential area. At 750 meters, the temperature decreased to 28.15±2.72°C due to vegetation and water bodies. Beringin Park, with a less dense tree canopy, had an average temperature of 27.51±2.14°C, while the area 250 meters away with vegetation and water bodies showed a temperature decrease to 26.87±2.31°C. At 750 meters from Beringin Park, which is a river area with few trees, the temperature was 27.70±3.48°C. Gajahmada Park, lacking water bodies both within and around it, had the highest average temperature among the parks at 28.12±2.54°C. The temperature in the surrounding residential area was 29.21±2.38°C at 250 meters and 29.13±2.82°C at 750 meters from the park. City parks in regulating temperature benefit from their plant species composition and the presence of water bodies. Therefore, selecting tree species with broad canopies and including water bodies in parks can help reduce temperatures in urban areas.