ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS COMBINATION AS COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY IN TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT

• Main Author: Kusuma Ayuningtyas, Dhyan
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/78976
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious killer globally. In 2014, there were 9.6 million new cases of TB and 1.5 million died from the disease. One million of these new cases took place in Indonesia, rendered Indonesia as the country with number 2 highest tuberculosis patient population in the world. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antituberculosis activity of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Kaempferia galanga L. , and Piper crocatum N.E. Br. as a single agent and in combination with antituberculosis drugs in inhibiting susceptible and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethanolic extracts of A. cordifolia leaves, H. sabdar$ffg calyxes, K. galanga rhizomes, and P. crocatum leaves (50-1000 pg/mL) were tested in vitro for their activity against susceptible H37Rv and two MDR strains (isoniazid-ethambutol resistant and rifampicin-streptomycin resistant) of M. tuberculosis using proportion method on Löwenstein—Jensen (LJ) medium for 8 weeks. The results of this preliminary study were used for the second step in which plant extract was combined with another plant extract and/or antituberculosis drugs. Antituberculosis activity was evaluated by percentage inhibition which was calculated by means of reduction in number of colonies on extract-containing medium as compared to extract-free controls. The results showed that all extracts inhibited growth of susceptible and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis. The best overall activity was shown by K. galanga which fully inhibited H37Rv at concentration 1000 gg/mL and both MDR strains at concentration 500 ug/mL. A. cordifolia, H. sabdar(ffa, and P. crocatum showed MIC > 1000 pg/mL towards M. tuberculosis. All plant extracts in combination with antituberculosis drugs fully inhibited all strains of M. tuberculosis, even at the smallest concentration (1/4 MIC of antituberculosis drugs combined with 1/4 MIC ofK. galanga or 1/4 MIC of highest tested concentration for other plant extracts). It was concluded that Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. , Kaempferia galanga L. , and Piper crocatum N.E. Br. had a great activity in inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth including resistant strains, especially in combination with antituberculosis drugs.