DAYLIGHT-OPTIMISED ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS DESIGN UTILIZING CLIMATE-BASED MODELING IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Atthaillah
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/79191
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Daylight is massively available in the tropical climate of Indonesia. Ironically, this situation is not properly utilized in the design of most Indonesian buildings, including school buildings. There are two benefits of daylight in buildings: saving building energy and increasing building user performance. To provide massive impact of daylighting in buildings, the observed buildings must be massive in number. One of the buildings with massive typology is the government-funded elementary schools. To date, data of annual daylight profiles in elementary school classrooms in Indonesia are still missing. In addition, specific regulations on daylighting in elementary school classrooms in Indonesia are still non-exist. Therefore, this doctoral research aims to find and create a design framework for daylight-optimised classrooms in government-funded elementary schools, using computational climate-based modelling, simulation, and optimisation. The design framework is expected to become a reference for improving regulations related to daylighting in Indonesia, as well as for determining the appropriate facade design in elementary schools, taking the case of Bandung and Lhokseumawe cities. This will assist building designers in selecting appropriate design strategies to create daylight-friendly classrooms in government-funded elementary schools. Overall, several results have been obtained. First, based on evaluation of the existing design, it is found that the spatial average of annual daylight illuminance metric, i.e. aUDI250-750lx, has a correlation with the shading depth at the front and rear part of the classrooms. Furthermore, it is found that the metric of annual direct sunlight illuminance (ASE1000,250) is greatly influenced with the depth of the corridor, WWR, and elevation of the corridor shade. Second, based on evaluation of the building mass design strategy, it is found that the combination of sDA300/50% and aUDI250-750 with ASE1000,250 are greatly influenced with the wall slope and WWR. From the investigation, it is found that the input variables directly related with the dimension of the shading devices are significant in determining daylight quality in the school classrooms in Bandung and Lhokseumawe. Third, based on evaluation of the interaction between horizontal shading depth and elevation in the hypothetical school classroom, it is found that shading elevation is greatly influential on the majority of the observed daylight metrics in Bandung and Lhokseumawe. Fourth, optimization is conducted for the most influential input variables, which are window-to-wall ratio, horizontal shading depth and its elevation. Results show that the optimum design solutions have complied which all daylight metrics requirements, including aUDI250-750lx and ASE1000,250. Those metrics were previously found problematic in classrooms with symmetrical bilateral openings. Also, it is found that optimum solutions at orientation 180° can be generalized for other orientations in the specific location. Finally, formulation was carried out to propose a mathematical model to predict annual daylighting performance in the case of classrooms with bilateral symmetrical and asymmetrical external shading. The formulation aims to make the proposed model applicable to other locations in Indonesia. The climate variables that can be used as predictors are the annual average global horizontal illuminance, in the case of classrooms with bilateral symmetrical external shading. For the case of classrooms with bilateral asymmetrical external shading, the appropriate predictors are the annual average direct normal radiation and the annual average global horizontal radiation.