ANALISIS KEDUDUKAN DAN IMPLIKASI PULAU-PULAU KECIL TERLUAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENEGAKAN WILAYAH KEDAULATAN NKRI

• Main Author: Harkins Hendro Prabowo , FX
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/7957
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The marine region of the Indonesia has variety of natural resources both renewable and un-renewable resources and also marine services in tourism and transportation. It is a pillar to the development of Indonesia. Although it is established in UUD 1945 Amendment II Article 25A, ironically, until today Indonesia does not have laws on maritime boundary definition/zone. This consequently cause Indonesia to have several conflicts with neighboring countries. Under articles of UNCLOS 1982 perspective, the Indonesian Maritime boundary is defined from outermost base points for Territorial Sea Boundary, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone, and Continental Shelf. Actually, these base points are the 92 outer small islands of Indonesia. It is stipulated in the Government Regulation (PP) No. 38/2002 that provides a list of geographic coordinates of the Indonesian small islands as base points. Geologically, every small island has a different genetic hence it has a unique characteristics. It includes their endurances to face destructive threatening also sea level rise hazard that result loss of small islands due to their position below the sea surface (sink). The loss of the outermost islands consequently will decrease the broad of the Indonesian waters and it implicates significantly to the entire of Indonesian sovereignty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of the outermost islands as base point measurements and their implication to convince Indonesian zone sovereignty. It includes physical characteristic of these islands related to hazard factors such as earthquake and sea level rise. The study was done by spatial analyzing of the complexity natural phenomena of the outermost islands to be classified based on their genetics. Physical environment of every group of islands has strength and weakness on potential resources and natural hazard. This study also analyzed the law status related to the occurrence of outermost islands as base points to determine the Indonesian region. The result shows that the earthquake will affect the 55 outermost islands: northern and western parts of Sumatera, southern belt of Java to Lombok, northern part of Timor to Aru Islands, north of Papua, from Talaud Islands to northern part of Sulawesi, and on northern part of East Kalimantan. In addition, based on the resistance of rock types, the small alluvium islands along off East Kalimantan will disappear below the sea surface. Moreover, if the scenario of IPPC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) on a global natural hazard that the sea level will rise about 8 cm - 29 cm in 2030, therefore, the 81 outermost islands will finally no longer exists. Under the law perspective of the Government Regulation (PP) No. 38/2002, the outermost small islands of Indonesia have basis law belong to Indonesia and it refers to the International Doctrine on effective occupation. The problem is that the list of geographic coordinates of the Indonesian base point islands have not been restored yet to the United Nation. Therefore, the law status of the outermost islands is weak before it can be proved by their occurrences physically which should be submitted to United Nation. The implication from the above problem: weak law status and loss of the outer small islands will set down the Indonesian sovereignty and increase the potential conflicts with neighboring countries, which have the same purposes on the nation boundary.