MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ESCHERICHIA COLI IN CITARUM RIVER FROM LIVESTOCK AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

• Main Author: Maghfirah, Raihan
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/79896
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Selective pressure of antibiotic residue and horizontal plasmid transfer in the bacterial-dense aquatic microbiome may enhance the emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria. the escalating use of antibiotics among humans and their use of antibiotics as growth enhancers in livestock carry the potential to results in a selections effects, leading to the rise in prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs). The ineffectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment plants to mitigate ARB levels may contribute to increased ARB runoff into surrounding aquatic environment. The existence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli (AREc) in aquatic settings heightens the vulnerability to infectious diseases, either through direct contact or the consumption of water contaminated with bacteria. this susceptibility is especially pronounced for residents living in proximity to river and those dependent on ground water as a primary source of clean water. Wastewater effluent and the receiving river may become the reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli, raising health risks for exposed communities. This study aims to determine the correlation between E.coli and its resistance to ten different namely, amoxicillin, amoxiclav, tetracycline, thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, gentamycin, ceftazidime, clindamycin, erythromycin, and meropenem. By examining E.coli from wastewater treatment effluents of six farms, two municipal treatment plants, and nine segments of the Upper Citarum River, the research seeks to identify sources of Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli based on bacterial count and resistance patterns. Evaluation of susceptible and resistant colony counts using the agar dilution method on Chromocult® Coliform Agar ES revealed the resistance profile of E.coli to ten antibiotics. The physicochemical characteristics of samples from rivers and wastewater were examined. The outcome demonstrates that livestock and domestic wastewater were more likely to contain AREc. Escherichia coli in the river water was resistant to ten types of antibiotics, and the resistance increased downstream due to the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant strains from wastewater. Downstream Dayeuhkolot section of the river has the highest concentration of AREc (11.5% from 36,825 ± 18,954 CFU/100 mL). AREc for 10 types of antibiotics had been detected in all segments of the Upper Citarum River with the highest average proportion of resistance occurring to antibiotics the highest proportion of AREc was found since the Sapan segment and the antibiotic with the highest resistance rate was Amoxiclav (31%).