LOCAL COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO THE DYNAMICS OF WATERSHED GOVERNANCE CHANGE IN TARUMAJAYA VILLAGE

• Main Author: Ramdani, Jaka
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/80088
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The shift in the military agenda became the starting point for a complete change in the role of the military. The military in general plays an important role as an important actor in realizing peace and security of the country. In its development, the military entered into the protection of natural resources in an area, one of which was the presence of the role of the TNI in the management of the Citarum watershed. Changes in watershed governance were marked by the issuance of Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 15 of 2018 concerning the Acceleration of Pollution Control and Damage to the Citarum River Basin. The boundary of change can be seen from the time of Citarum Bestari to Citarum Harum where the management of the Citarum river directly shifted from decentralization to centralism, causing latent polemics in local communities. To see the shape of local community response to changes in Citarum watershed governance, it was explored using the Mix Methods Sequential Explanatory Design research design. This approach was chosen to explore complex phenomena by integrating qualitative and quantitative data, aiming to provide a deeper and holistic understanding supported by the Social Network Analysis (SNA) framework. The research findings show a difference in approach between the two periods of governance, dissatisfaction and resistance of local communities resulting in self- help empowerment initiatives, the fusion of the role of local leaders in the formal village system to maintain empowered communities, the formation of Micro Governance that mobilizes local communities, and the adaptation of local communities under military leadership in the dynamics of governance change. Social Network Analysis (SNA) also reveals the form of relationships and interactions between actors towards military presence. Which seems to be dominated by the role of local leaders such as the Head of Tarumajaya Village who is able to mobilize local communities despite the limited facilities available. Self-help efforts are carried out in an initiative by local communities supported by the presence of informality such as local communities (Gunung Wayang Institute, MPSA, KIM Cerdas, MUI Tarumajaya Village, Karang Taruna, Baraya Tani, LMDH, Kadus, Kuncen Situ Cisanti, Cattle Farmers Cooperative, Cattle Breeders Association) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from outside the village such as PSDK, Initiative Association, Ecovilage Network, and Wanapasa. The varied forms seen in the response of local communities are the protection of the village's potential to maintain the natural resources available in the Citarum River. Despite the sensitivity that arises, local people are still able to withstand existing conflicts so that there is no turmoil in Tarumajaya Village. This is because local people feel marginalized and people feel subservient to the authority of the military role. A critical response emerged with social movements demanding more inclusive and sustainable policy changes from local actors. The weakening of local potential that has grown from local communities by the presence of the TNI (military) has become a source of social conflict at the local level. Meanwhile, some local communities manifested in merging into formal systems at the village level. The response of local communities, on the other hand, is subject to regulations on the role of TNI (military) commands, and local communities continue to move actively in formal and informal systems at the village level, thus affecting the sustainability of villages that are different from surrounding villages. The contribution of this research can encourage policies that are more pro-local communities, considering the diversity of needs and interests to develop local potential. Therefore, this study not only provides an in-depth understanding of local communities' responses to the dynamics of watershed governance change, but also provides a basis for more inclusive and sustainable policy improvements at the local level.