SUSTAINABLE ZOO LANDSCAPE DESIGN WITH ANIMAL WELFARE AND ECOLOGY BASED LANDSCAPE DESIGN APPROACH LEMBANG PARK & ZOO CASE STUDY

• Main Author: Salim, Felicia
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/80186
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The emphasis of the purpose of zoos according to government regulations and related literature studies is as a conservation, research, education and recreation institution. As a conservation institution, the role of animal welfare conditions and supporting landscape ecology is the most important part of zoo design. Lembang Park & Zoo is a zoo designed with the aim of becoming an educational tourism destination targeting families. However, the ownership of Lembang Park & Zoo, which is a combination of private stakeholders, has an impact on the initial planning and design process which focuses on the aesthetic and economic values of the business, rather than the appropriacy of animal welfare and landscape ecology. This has an impact on failure to fulfill its purpose as a conservation institution. Therefore, scientific intervention in the form of research as well as new planning and design proposals needs to be carried out based on the theory of animal welfare and landscape ecology on the site of Lembang Park & Zoo. The design method includes research on design with a theoretical approach and principles of animal welfare, as well as landscape ecology linked to zoo function standards according to official literature documents published by zoo associations around the world. Data collection in the form of existing conditions was carried out directly and indirectly. Direct data collection was carried out using the walking method, as well as taking image data from the air using a drone camera unit which was then processed into a map image of real existing conditions. Relevant information for data needs on existing conditions and zoo design knowledge was obtained through interviews with professional landscape architects who are experienced in zoo design, owners and employees of Lembang Park & Zoo, as well as veterinarians as animal experts. Standard reference documents and guidelines for zoo planning and design used in this thesis are documents from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK), Central Zoo Authority (CZA), South East Asian Zoos and Aquarium Association (SEAZA), and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). Literature studies are complemented by related books and articles. The analysis carried out for this design was in the form of an analysis of site conditions consisting of physical, biological and cultural aspects (LaGro, 2001) which was then continued with a comparative study analysis which compared the existing conditions of Lembang Park & Zoo with literatures regarding animal welfare consisting of standards and internationally applicable guidelines as well as 5 (five) principles of animal welfare recognized worldwide. Analysis for animal welfare is complemented by animal placement classification analysis to compare existing animal placement conditions against the animal placement classification standards contained in the Central Authority Zoo (CZA) guidance document. The results of the analysis of the condition of the site and animals at Lembang Park & Zoo gave rise to planning recommendations in the form of adjusting the site zoning according to the conditions of the ecosystem type of habitat for each animal species to create a living space for animals in captivity that is similar to their natural habitat. These zones consist of (1) Tropical Rain Forest Zone; (2) Seasonal Forest Zone; (3) Savannah & Desert Zone; and (4) Human Activity Zone which consists of visitor activities and management activities. Circulation recommendations take the form of separating visitor circulation routes from management, as well as a sustainable waste management system. Based on this planning, design criteria emerged in the form of criteria for vegetation type, planting density and specific criteria for each animal enclosure in accordance with existing standards and guidelines. It is hoped that the results of this planning and design can become a planning and design guide or as an example of planning and designing a zoo based on animal welfare and landscape ecology that prioritizes its purpose as a conservation institution in Indonesia.