STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL LAMPUNG SAIBATIN HOUSES IN KENALI PEKON

• Main Author: Khoirunnisa Effendi, Qonitah
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/80877
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Pekon Kenali, formerly situated on the slopes of Mount Pesagi and currently located in the Belalau District of West Lampung Regency, holds significant historical importance for the Lampung ethnic group. Kenali serves as the customary center of Kebuayan Belunguh, a component of the traditional unit of the Paksi Pak Sekala Brak Kingdom, and represents the indigenous lineage of the ancient Sekala Brak Kingdom. Hence, Pekon Kenali plays a pivotal role as the ancestral homeland of the Lampung Community. The architectural evolution of houses in Pekon Kenali has occurred over time, where houses passed down through generations undergo changes according to the needs of their owners from one generation to the next. This study aims to identify the development and physical characteristics of traditional houses in Kenali as expressions of culture and reflections of the communities that create them. The research employs a descriptive qualitative paradigm using a case study approach. Primary data is gathered through observation and interviews, while secondary data is obtained from various previous research articles. The research findings indicate no significant physical differences between noble and commoner houses. The main distinction lies in one architectural element and decoration symbolizing nobility, such as "tihang sangai batin" and traditional decorations like "tikhai adat," "tutup pakhah," and customary attire during customary events. The study also identifies four types of characteristic traditional houses in Kenali reflecting four historical periods in Pekon Kenali. The first type, associated with the period before 1900, features square-shaped houses with tajug roofs and minimal openings on the front facade. The second type, spanning from 1900 to 1950, shows physical differences between noble and commoner houses, with noble houses being larger and having additional facilities such as "bekhanda" at the front and open spaces before the main dwelling, along with saddle-shaped roofs made of palm fiber and tiles. The third type, from 1950 to 2000, no longer exhibits physical differences between noble and commoner houses, with rectangular houses and gabled roofs resembling Malay limas houses. The fourth type, after 2000, indicates a tendency for the community to revert to closing the fronts of their houses with wooden or glass windows. Significant characteristics of traditional Kenali houses lie in the architectural appearance in the form of stilts, either with few or many openings, and either a tajug or limasan roof. In terms of material and structure, traditional Kenali houses are primarily made of wood with a construction system of stacking, pegging, and tying. Spatially, traditional Kenali houses feature three core rooms: bilik kebik, bilik tebelayakh, and bilik sekhudu. Ornamentally, traditional Kenali houses feature a main floor beam decoration called paguk, front window decoration called sikapan bulan bacha, and decoration on the roof support pole called culu langi.