ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF RED GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC. VAR. SUNTI VAL.) RHIZOMES AND ITS FRACTIONS AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAIN H37RV, STRAIN LABKES232, STRAIN LABKES-450, OTHERS BACTERIA, AND FUNGI

• Main Author: Fisheri Kurniati, Neng
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81133
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects about one-third of the world’s population, causing 3 million deaths annually. With fastly increasing numbers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients in the world, tuberculosis’s patients may increase. A previous research showed that ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. sunti Val.) rhizomes had antituberculous activity against M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv and Labkes552. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to test antimicrobial activity of the red gingger against strain Labkes-232, Labkes-450, others bacteria, and fungi. Red ginger rhizomes was extracted by reflux dan maceration method with 96% ethanol. Ethanol extract obtained by reflux method was added by water for extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and 1-butanol. Antituberculous activity of ethanol extract and its fractions were tested by the dilution method and the number of growing colonies was counted weekly for 8 weeks after inoculation of M. tuberculosis. The diffusion method was applied in screening antibacterial and antifungal activities. Ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes of the reflux method inhibited the growth of the strain H37Rv two weeks after the inoculation more intensely compared to macerated ethanol extract and its fractions at the same consentration. All the test-preparations did not inhibit the growth of strain H37Rv anymore at the end of 3rd weeks. Compared to the test-extracts and the test-fractions at the end of 3rd weeks, water fraction at 2.5 µg/mL showed the greatest activity in inhibiting the growth of strain Labkes-232 and the number of growing colonies was 6.4% compared to control. On 4th weeks, ethanol extract obtained by reflux method at 100 µg/mL showed the lowest percentage of colonies (9.5%). All the test-preparations did not inhibit the growth of strain Labkes-232 anymore at the end of 5th weeks. Hexane fraction at 100 µg/mL showed the greatest antituberculous activity against strain Labkes-450 at the end of 4 th, 5th, 6th, and 7 th weeks with the percentage of colonies were 0; 4.5; 8; 29.5%, respectively. All the testpreparations did not inhibit the growth of strain Labkes-450 anymore at the end of 8th weeks. Macerated ethanol extract showed a strong antibacterial activity at 10% against S. lutea (16.7 ± 2.7 mm), S. flexneri (15.6 ± 0.6 mm), and P. aeruginosa (28.2 ± 2.4 mm); and weak activity against B. pulmilus (13.6 ± 0.6 mm), S. dysentriae (12.2 ± 1.5 mm), and B. subtilis (13.6 ± 0.9 mm). Ethanol extract obtained by reflux method showed a strong antibacterial activity at 10% against P. aeruginosa (16.8 ± 2.6 mm) and a weak activity against S. lutea (11.2 ± 0.8 mm), S. dysentriae (12.2 ± 0.8 mm), and B. subtilis (12.2 ± 1.8 mm). In antifungal test, macerated ethanol extract showed a weak activity to M. gypseum (11.2 ± 0.5 mm). Hexane fraction showed a weak activity against S. lutea, S. dysentriae, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa at 1, 1, 1, and 0,1 %, respectively. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa at 0,1 and 1 %, respectively. Butanol and water fractions did not show any activity against all bacteria. The conclusions of this research was ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes had the widest antituberculous activity against strain H37Rv, Labkes-232, and Labkes-450 than its fractions. Macerated ethanol extract had better activity than ethanol extract obatained by reflux method against S. lutea, B. pulmilus, S. dysentriae, S. flexneri, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and M. gypseum. Water fraction at 2.5 ?g/mL showed the greatest antituberculous activity against strain Labkes232 at the end of 3 rd weeks. Hexane fractions at 100 ?g/mL showed the greatest antituberculous activity against strain Labkes-450 at the end of 4 th, 5th , 6 th , and 7 th weeks.