INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND POWER RELATION IN LARGE-SCALE LAND DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM THE NORTH COAST OF JAKARTA RECLAMATION

• Main Author: Arfida Paramita, Aulia
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81173
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Large-scale land development refers to development over a large area with high investment value from the public and private sectors realized in various land use changes. The involvement of actors with various interests in resource management and control of development impacts results in power dynamics in the land development process, where actors often use special powers to change institutional arrangements such as regulations and policies. As a result, there is an increasing complexity in development, leading to development results and impacts that deviate from the planned outcomes in both the development area and the broader urban space. In understanding the complex large-scale land development process, several approaches have been applied in developing theoretical frameworks and models drawing upon neoclassical economics, political economy, and institutionalism. Based on recent literature debates, there has been limited research to adequately explain the influence of changes in broader institutional structures and actor behavior related to power relations in determining large-scale land development processes. This research develops a theoretical framework from an institutionalism approach that is still not widely used, namely historical institutionalism and integrated with Steven Lukes' three-dimensional power relations theory to be applied to the context of land development. The research applied deductive approach by constructing a conceptual framework or hypothetical model to be tested on an empirical case based on the critical realism paradigm. Using a qualitative approach and a case study on North Coast of Jakarta Reclamation, analysis was carried out on secondary data related to plan documents, studyiv results, laws and regulations, policies, scientific articles, reports and news from popular media as well as primary data obtained through semi-structured interviews and observations. The results of this research are able to explain how actors use their power to design and change institutions, especially during times of crisis (exogenous change), and reciprocally how these institutions become long-lasting (path-dependent) and perpetuate exclusive power in land development large scale over time. Then, institutional changes that occur in the context of large-scale land development sites and broader structures are interconnected through power relations between different levels or spatial units because of the same land development actors who build networks of power and play key roles in these various levels. In addition, this research is able to look further into the dynamics of changes in individual interests, opportunistic behavior, and active use of power over time, which were not explained in previous research. In this case, not only exogenous changes, but also endogenous changes triggered by the opportunistic behavior of internal land development actors have a major influence on large-scale land development pathways. The strong and historically established power relations of almost three decades between developer groups and “elite” groups within the government structure have significance for the results and impacts on the development of the Jakarta North Coast Reclamation land and other urban spaces.