SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICAL BETA ZEOLITE USING SOLVENT-FREE METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL INTO GASOLINE
The current biodiesel production has resulted in an abundance of glycerol as a by product. However, this abundance has not been followed by its maximum utilization. One of the great potentials in the utilization of glycerol is to convert it into gasoline through catalytic activity. A potential...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81325 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | The current biodiesel production has resulted in an abundance of glycerol as a by
product. However, this abundance has not been followed by its maximum
utilization. One of the great potentials in the utilization of glycerol is to convert it
into gasoline through catalytic activity. A potential catalyst for glycerol conversion
is zeolite. Among the many types of zeolites that exist, beta zeolites have great
potential as catalysts. This is due to the fact that beta zeolite has a pore structure
with a three-dimensional architecture composed of 12-ring channel intersections,
high thermal and hydrothermal stability, unique framework selectivity with a large
surface area, and adjustable acidity. However, there is a limitation on the intrinsic
microporous channels in zeolite beta that causes limitations in diffusion. To
overcome this limitation, it is necessary to modify the zeolite into a hierarchical
porous structure in which the zeolite not only possesses micropores but also has
mesopores or macropores. This modification improves the diffusion and
accessibility of catalytic sites. This study synthesized a hierarchical porous beta
zeolite catalyst for the conversion of glycerol to gasoline. The synthesis was carried
out by a solvent-free method and involved the variation of secondary templates in
the form of Na2CO3, PEG4000, and CTAB. This research is divided into three
stages: the synthesis of hierarchical porous beta zeolite by solvent-free method, the
characterization of beta zeolite, and the testing of the catalytic activity of beta
zeolite. The results of FTIR and XRD analyses demonstrated the successful
synthesis of beta zeolite via a solvent-free method. The incorporation of a secondary
template resulted in alterations to the zeolite's nature. These changes included a
reduction in the relative crystallinity. Based on the results of N2 adsorption
desorption, zeolites experienced an increase in BET surface area and total volume
also increased except for the sample HBeta-NC. The acidity of the zeolite resulted
in a decrease in the total acid value, except for the sample HBeta-NC. Catalytic
testing for gasoline conversion demonstrated that the order of liquid product yield
was HBeta-NC > Beta > HBeta-PEG > HBeta-CTAB, while the order of
normalized gasoline yield was HBeta-PEG > Beta > HBeta-CTAB > HBeta-NC.
Based on the catalytic performance, it can be seen that the influential zeolite
parameters are textural properties and acidity. |
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