SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICAL H-ZSM-5 ASSISTED BY •OH AT LOW TEMPERATURES AS A CATALYST IN THE PALM OIL CRACKING INTO AROMATIC RICH GASOLINE

• Main Author: Hikma Novita, Tria
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81326
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The need for fossil fuels continues to increase along with industrialization and population growth; however, fossil fuel sources continue to decline. Therefore, the need for renewable fuels that are more environmentally friendly is critical. Palm oil is one of the most promising raw materials because it has the highest oil production rate compared to other vegetable oils, is easy to produce, and the production process does not require high costs. One promising biofuel processing is thermal cracking, but the process requires high temperatures, and the resulting fuel has low purity. Using an appropriate catalyst can reduce the activation energy, thereby speeding up the reaction and increasing product selectivity. H-ZSM-5 has excellent characteristics as a catalyst in thermal cracking due to its acidity, high surface area, and good stability. Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 has better characteristics than H-ZSM-5, in which catalyst deactivation can be minimized and diffusion increases. Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 synthesis is hampered at slow crystallization rates. So, in this research •OH was used to increase the crystallization rate of hierarchical H-ZSM-5. The success of the synthesis of H-ZSM-5 was confirmed based on FTIR and XRD spectra, which showed the formation of a characteristic peak in H-ZSM-5, which was synthesized for 3 days. The use of •OH shows an increase in the rate constant by up to 2 times. The use of •OH also affects the morphology of H-ZSM-5, where crystals of TR-3 (H-ZSM-5 synthesized 3 days with •OH) tend to be rounder with a larger particle size than TN-3 (H-ZSM-5 synthesized 3 days without •OH). Porosity analysis shows that the use of •OH can increase porosity where SBET TR-3 (374 m2/g) is higher than TN-3 (310 m2/g) and commercial H-ZSM-5 (COM) (337 m2/g). The use of •OH also significantly increased Sext in TR-3 (238 m2/g) compared to TN-3 (227 m2/g) and COM (136 m2/g). Increasing this porosity feature has a good effect on increasing the yield of gasoline products in palm oil cracking, respectively for samples COM, TN-3, and TR-3 which is 28.39 < 35.70 < 37.29 wt%, while increasing the feature mesopores succeeded in inhibiting the formation of coke on the catalyst where the amount of coke TR-3 < TN-3 < COM was 2.02 < 3.23 < 6.23 wt% so that catalyst deactivation was successfully minimized by adding •OH.