CONVERSION OF METHANE TO METHANOL USING TIO2 (001) PHOTOCATALYST WITH NICKEL DOPING FROM NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY ELECTRONIC WASTE

• Main Author: Kemal Yaasir, Rayhan
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81927
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Methane emissions are dangerous because they have a potential greenhouse effect 25 times greater than carbon dioxide gas. On the other hand, methanol has many functions in industry and the need for methanol in Indonesia is predicted to increase by 21.75% per year. However, half of the national demand comes from imports and commercial methanol manufacturing technology still pollutes the environment Photocatalytic technology for the conversion of methane to methanol becomes an attractive solution. TiO2 is a widely developed photocatalyst, but it has challenges such as a wide band gap and a high rate of recombination that can inhibit methanol production, so it needs to be modified. This research successfully modified the TiO2 crystal to be dominant (001) and added a nickel cocatalyst from the cadmium nickel battery waste. Catalyst synthesis is used hydrothermal method with precursors Ti(OBu)4 and HF. Nickel is extracted from the battery using the acid leaching method. The presence of TiO2 (001) and nickel was confirmed using TEM, XRD, and SEM-EDS to find that TiO2 (001) has a flattened octahedral shape with a crystal lattice distance of 3.76 Å. The band gap was also measured using UV-Vis DRS, it was found that the band gap of TiO2 (001) is better than P25. TiO2 (001) with 0.1% commercial nickel (T04) has the lowest bandgap of 2.5 eV. The highest methanol gain was obtained at T04. In addition, nickel doping can lower the band gap. The percentage of fields (001) in TiO2 (001) calculated from Raman spectroscopy is 71.34%. The effects of the catalyst, TiO2 (001), nickel source, and nickel loadin variation on methanol yield and reaction kinetics were observed in this study. ANOVA results with a significance level of 0.05 show that the type of TiO2 and the amount of nickel have a significant effect. The best results were obtained on T04 photocatalysts which were 7.35 mmol h-1 gcatalyst -1 while the best kinetics on TiO2 (001) with 0.1% nickel from batteries (T10) was 13.39 / minute. Overoxidation at T10 is higher than T04, this is confirmed by the amount of formic acid with HPLC. Stability tests were also performed on T04 and found an 11% decrease after 3 cycles, indicating good stability. TiO2 (001) with doping nickel with the right composition was shown to increase the photocatalytic activity of P25.