ONE STEP REACTION OF TURPENTINE

• Main Author: Samudra, Trisvian
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81964
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Turpentine is one of the compounds produced through the distillation of pine tree resin. The main components found in turpentine are alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, which are widely used to obtain various terpene derivative compounds, one of which is terpineol through the hydration of turpentine reaction. In the industrial world, terpineol is used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages, as well as a fragrance in cosmetics and bath products. The synthesis of terpineol can be carried out in a one- or two-step reaction. The one-step reaction involves the direct conversion of alpha-pinene into terpineol, while the two-step reaction produces an intermediate product called terpin hydrate. The one-step reaction is preferred due to its simpler mechanism, but an economically viable catalyst that can achieve a terpineol yield of 80% has not been found. This research aims to determine the variables that can affect the yield of terpineol through a one-step turpentine reaction. The reaction is conducted at a temperature range of 55 to 105°C, a molar ratio of turpentine to water from 1:5 to 1:30, a reaction time of 4 to 8 hours, and the use of acid catalysts consisting of inorganic acids such as nitric acid and phosphoric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, and AHA such as citric acid. The experimental method conducted in this research consists of four stages: preparation, mixing, separation, and analysis. The composition of the products is analyzed using a Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) unit. From this research, it was found that increasing the temperature, the molar ratio of water feed to turpentine, and the reaction time can increase the yield of terpineol, reaching optimal points at a temperature of 75°C, a water molar ratio 15 times that of turpentine, and a reaction time of 8 hours, yielding terpineol values of 19.14%, 18.07%, and 7.06%, respectively. Additionally, using a combination of acetic acid and citric acid catalysts can potentially increase the yield of terpineol because it can increase the conversion value of turpentine to 99.7%.