EVALUATION OF AMMONIA CO-FIRING FOR COAL FIRED POWER PLANT RETROFIT
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from coal combustion is a primary contributor to global warming. Power plants are currently mandated to reduce emissions, which includes the implementation of biomass co-firing and low-carbon fuel adoption. Ammonia, characterized by a higher energy density than hydrog...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/81983 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from coal combustion is a primary contributor to global
warming. Power plants are currently mandated to reduce emissions, which includes the
implementation of biomass co-firing and low-carbon fuel adoption. Ammonia,
characterized by a higher energy density than hydrogen, serves as a viable carbon-free fuel
and transportation medium. This study investigates the retrofit installation of co-firing
ammonia technology in coal-fired power plants (CFPP) in Indonesia. Combustion and
power generation process in CFPPs are simulated using Aspen Plus and Aspen HYSYS
software for five CFPP types with varying co-firing ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and
50%) and capacities (300 MW, 660 MW, and 1000 MW). Simulation results are utilized for
technical and financial evaluations, focusing on key indicators such as CO2 and NOx
emissions, equipment modification costs, and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE). Based
on techno-economic analysis, the LCoE of ammonia co-firing is predominantly influenced
by the price of low-carbon ammonia. The implementation of ammonia co-firing is
estimated to increase LCoE by 3 – 4 times, ranging from $150 to $200/MWh depending on
the co-firing percentage (10 – 50%). Conversely, CO2 emissions decrease linearly with the
applied co-firing percentage. The escalated LCoE corresponds to a minimum carbon
reduction price of $243/tCO2, indicating the economic viability of ammonia co-firing
requires aggressive policy measures, such as a minimum carbon tax at that value. The
substantial increase in LCoE, despite achieving a maximum 50% reduction in emissions
from the baseline, underline the necessity to compare with other decarbonization
technology alternatives such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), biomass co-firing, and
other alternatives. |
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