CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CHAYOTE FRUIT (SECHIUM EDULE JACQ.) IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-INDUCED DYSLIPIDEMIA RATS

• Main Author: Fadhilah Faza Hermanto, Syifa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82358
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia remains as a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is a precursor to atherosclerosis, which can lead to myocardial infarction. Several studies have indicated that chayote can serve as a natural source of antioxidants. This research aims to determine the cardioprotective activity of chayote fruit ethanol extract and its mechanism in male Wistar strain rats with dyslipidemia-induced myocardial infarction. The study was conducted on six groups: negative control group, positive control group, comparison group treated with atenolol, and chayote fruit ethanol extract group at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, and 400 mg/kg body weight. All test animals, except the negative control group, were induced with dyslipidemia and myocardial infarction. Parameters measured included total cholesterol levels, cardiac biomarkers, infarct size measurement, and histopathological analysis of the heart. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) followed by Fischer's test. The results indicated that chayote fruit ethanol extract at each dose significantly inhibited the release of cardiac biomarkers and prevented myocardial infarction (p<0.05) compared to the positive control group. Chayote fruit ethanol extract at each dose also showed histological profiles of the heart resembling normal heart conditions. Based on this study, it is concluded that the chayote fruit ethanol extract has cardioprotective activity in dyslipidemic conditions by inhibiting the release of cardiac biomarkers and preventing heart tissue damage. However, the cardioprotective activity of the chayote fruit ethanol extract is not related to the improvement of lipid profiles.