FORMULATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC)-LOADED KING OF BITTER (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (BURM. F.) NEES.) HERB ETHANOLIC EXTRACT TO IMPROVE INHIBITOR ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY IN VITRO

• Main Author: Anggraini, Aristia
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82477
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose levels that exceed normal limits. This condition can be influenced by the activity of ?-glucosidase (AG) which can catalyze the breakdown of oligosaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides. Ethanolic extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.) herb can reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting the activity of the AG. To increase the activity, ethanolic extract of sambiloto herb (EES) was encapsulated in nanoparticles, such as a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). Sambiloto herb ethanolic extract-loaded NLC (NLC-EES) was prepared by combining high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication methods. The NLC-EES formulation process includes lipid and surfactant screening followed by process and formula optimization. The formula optimization process was carried out using Box-Behnken experimental design with active substance concentration (X1), lipid (X2), and surfactant (X3) as independent variables and particle size (Y1) and polydispersity index (Y2) as dependent variables. The optimal NLC-EES formula was characterized and evaluated for organoleptics, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH of the dosage form, entrapment efficiency, particle morphology, and NLC-EES stability. AG inhibitory activity testing was carried out in vitro using a microplate assay. Based on the test results, the optimal NLC-EES formula was obtained with an EES composition of 0,1% (w/v), total lipids of 3% (w/v) with a ratio between glyceryl monostearate and olive oil is 7:3, and total surfactant 8% (w/v) consists of Span 20 and propylene glycol. The final preparation of NLC-EES has a green color, particle size of 218,76 ± 11,92 nm, polydispersity index 0,275 ± 0,015, zeta potential -37,38 ± 4,56 mV, pH 6,22 ± 0,01, entrapment efficiency 85,21 ± 0,35 %. The stability test shows that NLC-EES has good stability for 28 days at 4o C. The optimal formula of NLC-EES has an IC50 value of 56.37 ± 3.44 µg/mL. The in vitro AG enzyme inhibition activity is 1.81 times greater than the positive control of acarbose and five times greater than the ethanol extract of sambiloto herb.