IN VITRO XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY ON ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE COMMON MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) AND LIMAU (CITRUS X AMBLYCARPA [HASSK.] OCHSE) LEAVES AND PEELS AND SELECTED FRACTION
Gout occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid, which forms needle-shaped crystals around the joints. Allopurinol is the first-choice drug for gout. It inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme crucial for uric acid production. However, allopurinol has side effects such as maculopapular pruritus,...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82686 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Gout occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid, which forms needle-shaped crystals around the joints. Allopurinol is the first-choice drug for gout. It inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme crucial for uric acid production. However, allopurinol has side effects such as maculopapular pruritus, liver necrosis, hepatitis, and hypersensitivity. This study seeks alternative XO inhibitors from natural waste materials, specifically the peels and leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus x amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse, as previous research indicates Citrus peels and leaves contain flavonoids with reported XO inhibitory activity. Samples were extracted through maceration with 70% ethanol, characterized, and tested for XO inhibitory activity in vitro. The activity test used 96- well plates to prepare samples and a microplate reader spectrophotometer to determine absorbance. The percentage of inhibition and IC50 values were calculated. The selected extracts were fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water, and the XO inhibitory activity of the fractions was also tested using the same method. The ethanol extract of Citrus reticulata leaves, as the selected extract, showed XO inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 25.52 ± 5.26 µg/mL, compared to
1.81 ± 0.35 µg/mL for allopurinol. The ethyl acetate fraction showed an IC50 of 40.88 ± 2.97 µg/mL. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Citrus reticulata leaves contain rutin, which was identified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). It was concluded that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Citrus reticulata leaves exhibits activity as an XO enzyme inhibitor.
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