PROCESSING OF LITHIUM-ION NICKEL-COBALT-ALUMINIUM OXIDE BATTERY WITH PYROLYSIS AT 700°C AND WATER LEACHING

• Main Author: Aby Xavier, Nadira
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82698
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Net zero emissions (NZE) is a global initiative aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with fossil fuel-powered vehicles being a primary source. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) play a crucial role in the energy transition and decarbonization efforts, particularly as key components of electric vehicles. This is evidenced by the increasing demand for LIBs in tandem with rising electric vehicle sales. Consequently, the demand for metals required in LIB production such as Li, Ni, and Co is also increasing. However, battery waste which classified as hazardous and toxic (B3) material poses significant problems if not properly managed. Recycling or processing batteries is thus a viable solution to meet the demand for battery metals and address battery waste issues. This study aims to investigate efficient and environmentally friendly processing of lithium-ion batteries. A series of experiments were conducted to study the processing of lithium-ion batteries through pyrolysis and aqueous leaching. The experiments used Panasonic NCR18650 battery samples with Li(NiC0Al)O2 (NCA) cathode material. The experimental stages included discharging, pre-treatment processes with three different routes (pyrolysis-shredding, shredding only, and shredding-pyrolysis), leaching, and evaporation of the leachate. Pyrolysis was carried out using a horizontal tube furnace at 700°C for 120 minutes, and leaching was conducted using distilled water for 5-180 minutes at room temperature. Characterizations were performed on the initial battery samples, pre-treatment samples, and leaching products using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP­OES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The experimental results showed that pre-treatment samples with pyrolysis followed by shredding had the highest cumulative weight percentage of the 200 mesh size fraction at 19 .96%. Handling whole battery samples that were shredded after pyrolysis was easier than those shredded before pyrolysis. The physical appearance and phase composition of the leaching residue were relatively similar to the pre-treatment samples before leaching. After 180 minutes, the pre-treatment samples that underwent pyrolysis followed by shredding achieved the highest cumulative lithium extraction percentage of 52.51 % . This route was identified as the best pre-treatment process based on the easiest sample handling and the highest cumulative lithium extraction percentage.