NANONIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPUYUNG (SONCHUS ARVENSIS) LEAF EXTRACT AND IN VITRO INHIBITION OF HMG-COA REDUCTASE ENZYME AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

• Main Author: Ayu Maharani, Aisyah
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82723
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Sonchus arvensis is used as a traditional medicine for several disease such as for diabetes, asthma, cough, inflammation, diuretic and hyperlipidemia cases. It mainly comprises of phenols and flavonoid. Sonchus arvensis nano powder was optimization prepared by high energy ball milling with several parameters such as ball powder ratio, milling time, and rpm for increasing bioavailability. The effect of particle size on the physicochemical and biological activity of the powders was evaluated with SEM, TGA, FTIR, XRD, dissolution time, determination of total phenol and flavonoid levels, DPPH reduction test, and HMG CoA reductase inhibition assay. The results showed that the particle size of the powder decreased from 2,829.3 to 471.1 nm after having undergone ball milling for 30 minutes at 500 rpm, and 10:1 BPR. These synthesized nano powders were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy measurement shows that there is no change in the functional group due to milling. The X-ray diffraction patterns between non-milled and milled extract was found to be similar; though its crystallinity index decreased post-milling. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that superfine grinding changes the particle shape, indicated by the decreased surface roughness and particle size of Sonchus arvensis leaf extract powders. Thus, the ball-milled powders exhibited better dissolution of phenols (5.257 to 8.343 mg GAE/g of powder after 30 minute of ball milling) and flavonoid (3.5 to 5.7 mg QE /g of powder after 30 minute of ball milling), ultimately resulting in an enhanced antioxidant activity (IC 50 from 478.83 ?g/mL to 258.79 ?g/mL by DPPH method) as well as an increased HMG CoA reductase enzyme inhibition from 22.5% to 34.5%. In conclusion, ball milling is a promising technique for preparing dried Sonchus arvensis leaf extract with improved physicochemical, biological and pharmacological properties.