ANALYSIS OF ADSORBABLE ORGANIC HALIDES (AOX) CONCENTRATION IN AQUATIC AROUND OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

• Main Author: Yasmidi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82894
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

In the period 1996 to 2006, Indonesian pulp and paper production increased rapidly from 5.5 million tones to 16.5 million tones. One of pollutant from a pulp and paper mill is chlorinated organic compounds (Adsorbable Organic Halide, AOX), that produced from using chlorine (Cl2) when the bleaching process. The AOX characteristics are toxic, bioaccumulative, carcinogen, and persistent. This research objectives are analysis the AOX concentration in aquatic around pulp and paper mills, identification impact of pulp and paper mills existence on the AOX concentration, and risk assessment on aquatic organism and human. Selected location are Siak River and Kampar River in Riau Province that receive effluents from 2 the big pulp and paper mills, PT. I and PT.R. The results of AOX analyzing shown that AOX concentration of PT. I effluent are 2.330 ppm (0.0982 kg/ADT) in the morning (subside) and 3.200 ppm (0.1349 kg/ADT) in the afternoon (tide), while for PT. R are 0.1511 ppm (0.0071 kg/ADT) in the morning (subside), and 0.5236 ppm (0.0245 kg/ADT) in the afternoon (subside). Both of mills are comply with Sweden AOX Standard (0.2 kg/ADT). In both of the rivers, decreasing of AOX concentration accordance with decreasing of pH value until less than 5, DO value until 3 mg/L (Kampar River) and 2 mg/L (Siak River). At 16 km distance from effluent, AOX value decreased until 95.58% (morning/subside) and 99.74% (afternoon/tide) in Siak River, and until 100% (morning/subside) and 98.01% (afternoon/subside) in Kampar River. Risk assessment result shown that in both of the rivers, fishes along 4 km upstream to 16 km downstream of pulp mills effluent is not suitable for consumption. AOX concentration in Siak River is higher than Kampar River and PT. I effluent AOX concentration is higher than PT. R effluent. As the receiver aquatic, Siak River is more polluted than Kampar River. It still needed to develop this research to all of the pulp and paper mills effluent in Indonesia to get representative data for AOX included identification of compounds in AOX and determining the national AOX standard for drinking water, plant, animal husbandry, fishery, recreation facilities and others.