LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDELINES OF PANDAWA BEACH TOURISM ATTRACTION, KUTUH VILLAGE, SOUTH KUTA DISTRICT, BADUNG REGENCY, BALI BASED ON TRI HITA KARANA

• Main Author: Putu Yulia Pradnya Pawitra, Luh
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur lanskap
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/82983
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The Pandawa Beach is one of the natural tourist attractions in Badung Regency, Bali, managed under the Kutuh Village government and officially inaugurated in 2012. After more than 10 years of tourism activities at Pandawa Beach, the existing arrangement has not thoroughly considered the integration of environmental (physical and biological), tourism, and socio-cultural aspects. Based on the vision of tourism development in Badung Regency and the alignment with the values of Tri Hita Karana as one of the tools to address this research problem, the Tri Hita Karana concept is deemed suitable as a guide for the development of sites that are in line with local culture. This study aims to provide landscape design guidelines and simulations of spaces at Pandawa Beach tourist attraction based on Tri Hita Karana, accommodating potentials and offering solutions to existing issues. The method used is a mixed-method with data collection techniques including observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature review. The research stages consist of preparation, data inventory, data analysis, and recommendation development. Data analysis was conducted using scoring assessment techniques to determine the extent of implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept at the Pandawa Beach tourist attraction in its existing condition. Spatial analysis was performed using a rating system with the assistance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to obtain zoning areas based on the assessment of the physical vulnerability of the coastal area. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to understand visitors' perceptions and preferences regarding tourism offerings and the conduct of religious activities. Descriptive analysis was used to examine flora, fauna, and wave height data clearly and systematically. The research location is in Kutuh Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali Province. The research area covers 18.11 hectares, categorized as a type II beach area, with sub-zones including sacred beach, sacred sea, and fisheries sub-zones. Based on the scoring and assessment of the existing implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept, the final score obtained is 81.67, classified as "good" quality with grade "B". Based on the overlay of spatial data including beach width, tsunami hazard, land cover, beach boundary, and slope, the physical vulnerability level of Pandawa Beach area consists of 3 categories: (1) low with an area of 3.50 hectares, (2) moderate with an area of 11.91 hectares, and (3) high with an area of 2.70 hectares. According to the questionnaire results from 100 recreational visitors, it is found that: (1) the majority of respondents (79%) are satisfied with the condition of tourist attractions/activities; (2) the majority of respondents (70%) are satisfied with accessibility; (3) the majority of respondents (72%) are neutral regarding amenities; (4) most respondents prefer public toilets, information boards, and green open spaces as amenities that need improvement; (5) the most common activities among respondents are enjoying natural scenery, strolling along the beach, and enjoying local cuisine and souvenirs. Based on the questionnaire results from 25 visitors engaging in religious activities, it is found that: (1) the most common religious activities among respondents are Melasti, Pujawali/Piodalan, and Nganyud; (2) the majority of respondents (80%) are satisfied with the comfort of conducting religious activities at the beach area; (3) the majority of respondents (72%) are satisfied with the comparison of comfort and safety levels in performing religious activities at Pandawa Beach compared to other temples/sacred places within Kutuh Village; (4) the majority of respondents (52%) are satisfied with the suitability of the "Tri Mandala" concept at Pandawa Beach area compared to other temples/sacred places within Kutuh Village; (5) most respondents choose information boards and sacred area signs as expected facilities for religious activities; (6) most respondents consider easy access and safety as positive aspects that should be maintained; (7) most respondents find public toilets, garbage bins, and cleanliness issues as less desirable during their visit to Pandawa Beach. Based on the developed landscape design guidelines, the fundamental principles for developing a tourist attraction based on Tri Hita Karana are: (1) fostering a harmonious relationship between humans as tourism stakeholders and their God as a form of gratitude for all blessings bestowed, manifested through the presence of sacred areas/buildings or spiritual activities, or by refraining from exploiting sacred buildings, religious symbols, or sacred objects solely for profit in tourism activities without serving their divine purpose; (2) fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and their fellow beings in tourism management (managers, visitors/tourists, and others) through empowering local communities, establishing facility standards, ensuring safety and health standards, and providing professional management and service; (3) fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and nature/environment in tourism management through providing adequate tourism support facilities, environmental planning and conservation activities, refraining from damaging any part or whole of the physical and non-physical tourist attractions, restoring environments affected by disasters, and managing tourism waste and activities' waste. Spatial division based on the Tri Mandala concept, derived from the Tri Hita Karana concept, consists of Utama Mandala as the most sacred area comprising sacred buildings and temples, Madya Mandala as semi-profane/transitional area for tourism and socio-cultural activities, and Nista Mandala as the most profane/unsacred area comprising toilets, waste treatment facilities, small forests (tebe), and periodic river estuaries (loloan). Based on the overlay of zoning areas according to Tri Mandala and the spatial analysis of physical vulnerability in the Pandawa Beach tourist attraction area, it is known that: (1) the Utama Mandala zone is located in areas with both high and low physical vulnerability levels; (2) the Madya Mandala zone has varying physical vulnerability levels, ranging from low, moderate, to high; (3) the Nista Mandala zone has low, moderate, and high physical vulnerability levels.