MODIFICATION OF BLACK DYES USING GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE AND EPICHLOROHYDRIN TO IMPROVE COLOR ABSORBENCY TO CELLULOSE FIBRES

• Main Author: Albab, Ulul
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83010
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The world market demand for dyestuffs is currently increasing rapidly. In 2020, dyestuffs produced more than 2 million tonnes per year and gained a market share of $6 billion. The market share continues to increase from year to year. Unfortunately, as the market demand for dyestuffs increases, the waste generated is also increasing. The textile industry is the largest contributor of dye waste at around 54%. As much as 85% of the waste is generated from the dyeing process. This can occur because the absorption of color to cellulose fibres is not optimal so that the residual dye will become waste and can pollute the environment. One of the dyes that is often used and has low color absorption is Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. The suboptimal color absorbency is caused by the competition between the reaction of the reactive vinyl sulfone group and the hydrolysis of the vinyl sulfone group into a 2- hydroxyethylsulfone group. These groups could not react with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose fibre, resulting in low efficiency of the dyeing process. Therefore, this research was conducted to overcome these problems while improving the quality of the dye so that it has a higher selling price by increasing the color absorbency using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Color absorbency was obtained by comparing the dye concentration before and after dyeing using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In addition, this research also carried out reaction modelling using epichlorohydrin with the aim of being a new model in the modification of other dyes. This modelling was carried out by reacting phenol with epichlorohydrin to form the product glycidyl phenyl ether (GFE). The product was then reacted with hydroxyl groups on glucose. The research results for the modification of RB5 with GMA were successfully synthesised which was characterised through structural analysis using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum data. The color absorbance for the modified RB5 increased by 22%, from 45% (RB5) to 67% (modified RB5). Meanwhile, GFE was also successfully synthesised in the form of a yellow liquid with a percent yield of 73.56%. However, GFE modified with glucose could not be synthesised and only 1-methoxy-3-phenoxypropan-2-ol with 63.59% yield and 3-phenoxypropan-1,2-diol with 18.34% yield were obtained as byproducts.