ANALYSIS OF HARMONIC CONTENTS, FORMANTS, AND VOICE ONSET TIME (VOT) IN THE PRONUNCIATION OF INDONESIAN PHONEMES

• Main Author: Akhyar, Aniesah
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83397
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Acoustic phonetics in the study of language is related to the biological system of speech production that differentiates timbre. Differences in timbre for each person can be identified through the characteristics of the speech waves. The analysis of timbre in this research is based on physical parameters such as fundamental and resonant frequencies as well as the duration of the phonemes pronunciation. This experiment aimed to characterize the harmonic content of Indonesian speakers, mapping the vowel [a], [e], [?], [i], [o], and [u] without and with the influence of consonants, and observing the voice onset time (VOT) of plosive sounds [k] and [t]. Ten male and female subjects aged 21–23 provided samples of their voices by recording each vowel phoneme for approximately 2 seconds and the words [sore], [ini], [k?], and [utara] with a total of 4 iterations. The data is processed using Praat 6.3.07 software. Acoustic signals and spectrograms are produced, which are then processed to obtain the parameters required. The harmonic contents are obtained from the sound spectrum, the formants from the spectrogram, and the sound duration from the acoustic signal and spectrogram. It was found that the overall harmonic contents for female speakers are in a higher frequency range than for males due to the shorter length of the vocal tract. The average f1 value for women is 225.5 Hz and for men 112.2 Hz. The formants of vowel phonemes with the inclusion of consonants change the data distribution on the vowel chart, especially for the sounds [?], [o], and [u]. The articulation process can influence that matter. The duration of VOT for [k] is longer than for [t] for all speakers because the place of articulation is at the velar, near the vocal folds.