ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN GRAFFITI SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI VISUAL SOSIAL BUDAYA KOTA MALANG TAHUN 2006 - 2023

• Main Author: Zuhdi, Helmi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83461
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The habits of scribbling on walls started from primitive humans who lived in caves to make marks. This habit of scribbling on walls is called "Graffiti", a word taken from the Italian word "Graffito" which is derived from the Greek word "Graphire" meaning to scribe or scribble. The development of graffiti in a city can be marked by several phenomena. In Malang City, the sign of the prevalence of graffiti is the phenomenon of the increasing number of graffiti perpetrator communities, which have become a creative economic commodity through various events that utilize graffiti, and many graffiti perpetrators use their expertise as their main career. However, amid the massive development of graffiti in Malang City, there has not been any definition of how graffiti was originally present and developed in Malang City and what are the characteristic features of Malang's graffiti. The problems formulated in this research include two questions: 1) how is the visual development of graffiti in Malang City from 2006 to 2023?, 2) How is the relevance between the visual development of graffiti and the socio-cultural development in Malang City from 2006 to 2023? This research uses a qualitative analysis research method with the theory of the "Circuit of Culture" model by Stuart Hall, which is intended to see how graffiti as a cultural product or artifact of popular culture that develops is represented, what social identity is associated with graffiti, how graffiti is produced and consumed, and how it is regulated and distributed. The data collection techniques used are literature study, participatory observation, and interviews. The data obtained discusses graffiti based on the socio-cultural phenomena that occur at each time. The observation results trace the vital areas of Malang City based on the predetermined problem boundaries. The interview results obtained are documentation and archival collections of the perpetrators, then a picture of the phenomena and development of graffiti in each era. The results of this study show how the development of graffiti in Malang City from 2006 to 2023 depicts a significant evolution in three main periods. The Pioneer Period (2006-2011) is marked by the emergence of the initial community and the hard work of overcoming the limitations of tools and materials to the difficulty of references. The "Ngalam" Graffiti Explosion Period (2012-2019) reflects rapid growth with the formation of various new communities, the emergence of supporting infrastructure such as graffiti shops, and the increasing collective activities. Finally, the New Wave Period (2020-2023) depicts adaptation to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition to digital media, and increased cross-disciplinary collaboration. This research depicts the cultural significance of graffiti in Malang City in a more measurable way, showing how graffiti is positioned as the newest language in the long line of cultural innovations that have developed in Malang City. The Malangan Mask, Javanese Wayang Character, Boso Walikan, and Arema Football Culture that are present alongside and displayed in the visual graffiti in Malang City provide the assumption that Malang City's graffiti has visual characteristics that are not owned by the visual graffiti of other cities. This research also shows that when viewing a visual graffiti, it has become an activity that can facilitate dialogue in shaping self-identity, collective identity, and the identity of the city.