CYCLIC DIARYLHEPTANOIDS FROM TWIGS OF GARUGA PINNATA ROXB. (BURCERACEAE) AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC TEST

• Main Author: Arista Viananda, Nadira
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83517
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia possesses abundant biodiversity, including a variety of plant species. One such genus found in Indonesia is Garuga, which belongs to the Burseraceae family. There are about 615 species of Burseraceae distributed across Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Philippines, China, India, Bangladesh, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. The genus Garuga comprises four species: G. floribunda, G. forestii, G. pierrei, and G. pinnata. Two Garuga species are found in Indonesia: G. pinnata and G. floribunda. Garuga plants are known for their diverse uses, such as construction material and furniture (G. floribunda), firewood (G. pierrei), and traditional medicine (G. pinnata). G. pinnata is reported to be used in treating various ailments: its stem for corneal opacity, stem bark for diabetes, fruit for diarrhea and sore throat, roots for pulmonary diseases, and leaves for asthma treatment. Bioactivities of Garuga plants have also been reported, including anticancer, antibacterial, antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimalarial properties. Studies on secondary metabolites from G. pinnata in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia have revealed the presence of cyclic diarylheptanoids and triterpenoids. Current research on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of G. pinnata is predominantly focused on stem bark and leaves. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize compounds from the twigs of G. pinnata collected from Bogor Botanical Gardens and to evaluate the bioactivity of the isolated compounds against murine leukemia P-388 cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The research comprised several stages: isolation of powdered G. pinnata branches through maceration using acetone solvent, rotary evaporation, purification via chromatography, and elucidation of compound structures based on 1D-NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and 2D-NMR (HSQC and HMBC) spectroscopic data. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified as cyclic diarylheptanoid phenolic compounds, i.e., garuganin I (a diphenyl ether type) weighing 10.8 mg and garuganin II (a biphenyl type) weighing 21.9 mg. Both compounds had previously been reported from the stem bark and leaves of G. pinnata. The cytotoxic examination showed that the acetone extract of G. pinnata branches exhibited activity with an IC50 value of 18.8 ?g/mL. Meanwhile, garuganin I was found to be inactive with an IC50 value of 43.3 ?g/mL