FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF LINI0,85CO0,07MN0,07AL0,01O2 (NCMA85) CATHODE MATERIAL FROM USED LITHIUM-ION BATTERY WASTE USING HYDROMETALLURGY METHOD

• Main Author: Salamayana, Karisma
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83781
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The demand for and use of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has been increasing every year. They are widely used in various applications, ranging from energy storage and power sources in electronic devices to electric transportation, which is currently being actively developed. The cathode is one of the key components in a battery because it plays a crucial role in enhancing energy density, capacity, cycle life, and safety. One of the most developed cathodes is the Ni-rich NCM type, due to its ability to increase battery capacity. However, increasing the nickel content can lead to reduced battery stability. One way to address this stability issue is by doping other elements into the Ni-rich cathode, one of which is using aluminum, known as the NCMA cathode. The increasing market demand has led to more mining processes and an increase in waste from used batteries, which can harm the environment, both from the mining process and from discarded used batteries. Therefore, one solution that can be implemented is recycling used LIBs. In this study, NCMA85 cathodes will be produced from waste NCM battery materials using an environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical method. The production of the cathode begins with the initial processing to clean the used cathode material, which is then used in the leaching process. After that, the process includes adding nickel and aluminum, co-precipitation using oxalic acid, and lithiation. The material is then calcined at varying temperatures, namely 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, and 850°C for 10 hours. Next, the electrode production and battery assembly are conducted in a glove box for subsequent electrochemical characterization. Based on the characterization results, the NCMA85 750°C cathode material showed the best performance. The characterization results showed the lowest Rct of 80.97 Ohms, retained 94.24% specific capacity over 50 charge-discharge cycles, and maintained 98% of its specific capacity for rate capability testing conducted at a current density of 0.1-5 C and back to 0.1 C. The highest specific discharge capacity was obtained from the NCMA85 850°C battery at 194.70 mAh/g.