PROPOSED HYDROGEN BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE: A STUDY OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS TO HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AT PLN

• Main Author: Eka Hardana, Hendy
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/84028
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

This research studies on the potential of hydrogen as a renewable energy source, focusing on the production of green hydrogen (GH2) through hydropower plants in Indonesia. It explores the viability of using excess electricity from hydropower plants to produce GH2, aiming to contribute to Indonesia’s net zero emissions (NZE) goal by 2060. The study highlights the importance of GH2 in the energy transition and decarbonization efforts, particularly for hard-to-abate sectors. The research demonstrates that excess hydropower can be effectively utilized for GH2 production near Priok Jakarta gas turbine co-firing, offering a sustainable energy solution and aligning with the global shift towards renewable energy sources. The study adopts a mixed-method research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. It leverages historical data, conducts observation with PLN’s decision-makers and ministry and applies financial models to assess the feasibility of GH2 production. The most economical production of GH2 is achieved at Kracak Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) with a 5 MW system, resulting in a Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) of $2.98/kg. The study identifies key criteria affecting the economic viability of GH2 production, with the combined stakeholder group prioritizing Accelerated Depreciation/Subsidies, Market Demand Readiness, and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The study underscores the need for supportive policies and international cooperation to facilitate the transition to sustainable energy and achieve NZE goals. The research presents a proof of concept for the scalability of GH2 in Indonesia, suggesting that hydropower to GH2 co-firing with gas engines could be a viable option. It encourages the optimization of dormant operated SHPs and the creation of GH2 clusters across Indonesia’s islands to cater to the emerging market. The study concludes that Indonesia’s geographic conditions favor integrated energy production using hydro, wind and solar energy, promoting a green circular economy and reducing dependency on fossil fuels.