#TITLE_ALTERNATIVE#

• Main Author: Satiadarma, Kosasih
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/8419
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract: <br /> <br /> <br /> in the determination of microgram quantitfi as of morphine in urine and opium containing preparations many problems still exist. Although many methods had been developed which are useful for the micro determination of morphine, only few can be applied to urine. <br /> <br /> <br /> The purple fluorescence test for morphine introduced by Fulton was the first step towards a fluorometric morphine determination. <br /> <br /> <br /> Nadeau and Sobolewsky developed a procedure which converts morphine quantitatively onto a fluorescent derivative that exist a stable fluorescence. In their procedure morphine is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid in the absence of moisture, after which a compound is formed that fluoresces after being heated at 5000 for two hours in excess ammoniacal solution. <br /> <br /> <br /> The procedure is very simple, sensitive and can be performed in any laboratory which has a suitable photo-fluorometer, However, a spectrophotometer with a spectral fluorescence attachment or a spectrofluorometer with double monochromators yield better results. <br /> <br /> <br /> To adapt Nadeaus procedure for the determination of morphine in impure samples, the following modifications were introduced: <br /> <br /> <br /> 1.Morphine in the sample was ectracted using a chloro <br /> <br /> <br /> form isopropanol mixture 3 : 1 by volume, at pH 10. <br /> <br /> <br /> Notes: a. To determine the total (free and conjugated)morphine in urine the sample was acidified with concentrated hidrochloric acid and heated in a boiling waterbath for one hour. <br /> <br /> <br /> b. Quenching substances were removed from <br /> <br /> <br /> the hydrolized urine by shaking it with <br /> <br /> <br /> acid aluminium oxide. <br /> <br /> <br /> 2.To determine background emission a blank solution was prepared as follows: the organic extract of the sample was shaken with a ten percent sodium hydroxide solution and the organic solution was used for the preparation of the blank. <br /> <br /> <br /> 3.The evaporated organic extract was dried in an oven at 10500 for ten minutes and cooled in a desiccator. <br /> <br /> <br /> 4.All chemical reactions were carried out at temperatures not exceeding 500C to prevent the formation of various reaction products. <br /> <br /> <br /> 5.To enhance fluorescence methanol had been added to the resulting solution until a final concentration of 40% by volume of methanol was reached. <br />