ASSESSMENT MODEL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN THE HEALTHY CITY CONCEPT IN THE CONTEXT OF SPATIAL PLANNING: A CASE STUDY IN SEMARANG CITY

• Main Author: Baikuni Perdana, Ahmad
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/84366
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The diverse variables defining a healthy city in Indonesia lead to biased policy interventions at the city level, which are necessary to achieve this goal. In the context of urban planning, the realization of a healthy city is challenging to prioritize because there are no specific variables targeted for intervention within spatial planning instruments. Formulating a set of healthy built environment variables and their indicators can capture this causal relationship and apply it to spatial planning policies. The aim of this study is to explore and develop an objective assessment model for a healthy built environment within the context of spatial planning under the healthy city concept. The objective assessment model explored in this study focuses on a case study in Semarang City using quantitative methods. The approach used to measure a healthy city in this study adopts the healthy built environment paradigm, which views that a healthy population can be achieved by promoting a healthy lifestyle, improving quality of life, prosperity, and civilizational progress through the built environment. This study has developed an objective assessment model for a healthy built environment based on the number of infectious disease cases, with a case study in Semarang City. Semarang City was divided into 1,966 hexagon cells to aid in calculating the values for each built environment variable. Thirteen variables were categorized into three built environment levels: natural environment, built environment, and activity, with the population count as a control variable whose distribution approximates a Poisson pattern. The Global Moran’s I index of 0.671 indicates the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The objective assessment model was developed using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with an explained deviance percentage of 87.6%, which can be used as an instrument to measure the built environment condition on a smaller scale than the sub-district level. Based on the local model's average estimate, the contribution of each built environment level varies in percentage. The largest influence found was the population count as the control variable, contributing 60.39%. The built environment level had the largest influence among the other built environment levels, contributing 22.68%. The natural environment contributed 10.52%, while the activity level had the smallest influence, contributing only 6.41%. The built environment was assessed based on the number of infectious disease cases, ranging from Very Healthy to Unhealthy. On average, the built environment in Semarang City was assessed as Very Healthy, with only road deviation intensity assessed in the Healthy category. However, different results were observed when measured at the cell level, revealing Unhealthy built environments in cells with the highest cases. These findings indicate the presence of spatial non-stationarity in the built environment concerning infectious disease cases. Reflecting on the category with the numberiv of infectious disease cases in Semarang City, 52.54% of cells were categorized as Very Healthy, 11.39% as Healthy, 4.18% as Less Healthy, and 28.07% as Unhealthy. The central area of Semarang City formed an unhealthy cluster, highlighting the difficulty of achieving healthy conditions in urban areas. Correspondingly, cells categorized as Very Healthy were mostly found on the city's outskirts. However, in aggregate, Semarang City can still be considered a healthy city, consistent with its achievement of the Swasti Saba award. Assessment at a smaller scale can avoid overlooking more detailed conditions than assessments at a larger scale, such as at the district or city level. The assessment instrument developed in this study's model can be considered an objective and adaptive assessment of a healthy built environment. The novelty presented in this research is the assessment model of the built environment that is causative to one of the health outcomes, namely the number of infectious disease cases. This study successfully utilized the local GWR model as a basis for developing dynamic assessment indicators at the local scale within the spatial planning context.