THE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

• Main Author: M.W. Irsyam, Nabila
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/84467
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The sea plays an important role in human life, but its existence is damaged, both by natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural factors can be in the form of coral disease, changes in salinity, seawater acidification and outbreaks of the thorn star fish, Achantahster plancii. The anthropogenic factors come from human activities, namely destructive fishing activities, the use of environmentally unfriendly fishing gear and tourism activities. The damage to the marine ecosystem then formed an initiative for marine area conservation efforts. Marine protected area aims to combat excessive exploitation of marine resources and preserve marine biodiversity. In Indonesia, marine protected areas have become the target of the Indonesian government, which is stated in the 2020-2024 RPJMN that the Indonesian government is targeting an increase in area by 26.9 million ha in 2024 and 32.5 million ha in 2030. The number of conservation areas in Indonesia is 196 which are divided into two groups, 166 managed by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and 30 managed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. However, in the implementation of the management, marine protected areas in Indonesia show many problems. Common problems in the management of marine protected areas are difficulties in identifying priority problems, lack of available resources, inappropriate resource allocation and the objectives of management that are not yet known. The problems that occur then made the Indonesian government take an initiative to improve the quality of conservation area management by monitoring using appropriate instruments, which is in line with the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity Period 2011-2020 CBD (Aichi 11) which states that by 2020 at least 10% of coastal and marine areas, especially areas that are important for biodiversity and ecosystem services are protected and managed well and effectively, ecologically represented, connected to conservation areas and integrated into the wider landscape. Management of conservation areas is also stated in the National Action Plan (RAN) for Integrated Management of National Parks and National Marine Conservation Areas 2018-2025, where one of the strategic targets in this RAN is strengthening the performance of effective management of National Parks and National Marine Conservation Areas. One of the National Park managements in question is Karimunjawa National Park. Based on this, it is necessary to determine an instrument to be used for monitoring. This instrument will later become a mandatory tool used in carrying out the effectiveness of conservation area management in Indonesia by related parties. The marine protected area assessment instrument in Indonesia is divided into two types, namely EVIKA and METT. The EVIKA instrument is used for marine conservation areas under the management of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, while the METT instrument is used for marine conservation areas under the management of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. For Karimunjawa National Park, because it is under the management of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the instrument for assessing the effectiveness of management used is METT. The METT instrument is divided again into two types, namely assessment for terrestrial areas and for marine areas. For marine areas, the METT instrument used is called a score card. The METT score card assessment in Karimunjawa National Park has been carried out twice, namely in 2017 and 2019. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how effective the management of marine conservation areas in Karimunjawa National Park is in 2024. The methods used are interview and scoring methods. Determination of interview sources is done by snowball sampling. While the determination of scoring is from the results of interviews and refers to the score indicators that listed on the METT score card. The results of the study showed that the management of marine conservation areas in Karimunjawa National Park is in the Effective category, which is 79%. This is an increase when compared to the scoring results in 2017 and 2019. Another finding in this study is that in the management that has entered the effective category, it seems that several priority issues are still found in it. These priority issues are grouped based on six score card elements in the form of boundary conflicts, the main objectives of the conservation area that have not been documented in detail, and the lack of transparency to the community. Then recommendations were formulated in the form of increasing transparency to the public, developing a research road map, and allocating emergency funds, improvement of facilities and improvement in handling of disturbances that happened in Karimunjawa National Park.