PENGARUH EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP POHON PENEDUH TEPI JALAN MAHONI (SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA KING) DI TIGA TITIK DI KOTA BANDUNG

• Main Author: Salma, Tania
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/84620
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The increasing use of motori vehicles causes the amount of emissions produced continue to increase and vehicle emissions became the highest source of air pollution. One of the pollutants produced from the burning gasoline used in motor vehicles is lead (Pb) particles. Lead is a heavy metal that has no biological function in living things and can accumulate in the body of living things, which at certain concentrations can be toxic. To reduce vehicle emissions from the air, one of the government's efforts is to plant roadside plants. Mahogany tree (Swietenia macrophylla King) is a common tree used in roadside tree planting. This study aims to evaluate lead levels and its impact on mahogany leaves exposed to motor vehicle emissions. Leaf samples were taken from mahogany trees in three places, namely Diponegoro Street, Raya Resor Street (Dago Pakar Resort), and Ir Djuanda Forest Park. Parameters observed were the number of vehicles, leaf Pb levels, number and density of stomata, chlorophyll content, and leaf surface area with nine replicates from three trees in each location. The results show that the number of vehicles per day in three different locations is as follows: 6057 (Jalan Diponegoro), 542 (Jalan Raya Resor), and 10 (Tahura Ir Djuanda). The lead/Pb content (mg/kg) in mahogany leaves at the three locations was 1.94; 1.81 and 0.91. There was a significant difference in the Pb content of mahogany leaves in the three locations. Total chlorophyll, a, and b levels (mg/L) of mahogany leaves in the three locations were 10.99; 7.05; 3.92 (Diponegoro); 11.20; 7.15; 4.04 (Raya Resor) and 12.00; 7.49; 4.50 (Tahura Ir Djuanda). There were no significant differences in the levels of total chlorophyll, a, and b in the three locations. The surface area (cm2) of mahogany leaves in the three locations was 61 cm2, 78 cm2, and 141 cm2. The number of stomata per leaf area of mahogany in the three locations was 3,568,057, 3,863,892, 5,952,328. Stomatal density (stomata/mm2) of mahogany leaves in the three locations is 575, 547, 411. There were no significant differences in surface area, number of stomata, and stomatal density of leaves on Jalan Diponegoro and Jalan Raya Dago Resort. In the three observation locations there were differences in temperature (°C) and light intensity (lux), namely 27, 4287 (Jalan Diponegoro); 25, 5446 (Jalan Raya Resor); and 22, 459 (Tahura Ir Djuanda). The difference in light intensity received by mahogany affects the leaf surface area and stomatal density. From this study, it can be concluded that the higher the exposure to motor vehicle emissions, the higher the leaf Pb content and stomatal density, while the lower the total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, leaf surface area, and number of stomata, but there is no significant difference in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b in the three locations, and no significant difference in surface area, number of stomata, and leaf stomatal density of leaves on Jalan Diponegoro and Jalan Raya Dago Resort.