CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS (NLC) OF PATCHOULI ESSENTIAL OIL (POGOSTEMON CABLIN BENTH.) AGAINST TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER (TNBC)

• Main Author: Mahendra Besmaya, Brian
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/85433
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that lacks estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and does not express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it untreatable with hormone therapy or anti-HER2 treatments. Chemotherapy is the primary choice for TNBC treatment, but chemotherapy patients often experience chemoresistance and relapse, necessitating alternative therapies. Patchouli essential oil (MAN) contains many compounds, with one of its dominant compounds being patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene with cytotoxic activity. PA is known to increase the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which damage DNA and activate the apoptosis pathway through proteins p53, p21, and the Permeability Transition Pore Complex (PTPC) in the mitochondria. Activation of this pathway leads to the release of cytochrome C and activation of the caspase pathway, triggering cancer cell death, making MAN a potential alternative therapy for TNBC. Free-form MAN has several drawbacks related to stability, including susceptibility to degradation due to evaporation or oxidation when exposed to oxygen, light, and temperature, as well as its low solubility in water. The use of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) addresses these issues by protecting patchouli oil within a lipid matrix, enhancing bioavailability, reducing dosage, and minimizing toxicity and degradation. This study evaluated the characteristics of NLC-MAN, compared it with optimized formula results, tested the stability of NLC-MAN, and evaluated the cytotoxic effects of NLC-MAN on TNBC cells modeled with 4T1 cells. The NLC-MAN formula consisted of 2% MAN; 1,8% stearic acid; ,2% jojoba oil; 5,4% Tween 80; and 3,6% TEGO® Care 165. NLC-MAN had a yellowish-white color; liquid consistency; distinct patchouli aroma; particle size of 205,966 ± 3,19 nm; polydispersity index of 0,347 ± 0,04; and a zeta potential of -18,52 ± 1,87 mV. Encapsulation efficiency reached 94,48 ± 1,27%, an improvement compared to previous studies. Stability tests showed changes in particle size between day 0 and day 3, but stability on days 7, 10, and 14. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that NLC-MAN exhibited cytotoxic activity with an IC70 value of 145,706 ± 12,122 ?g/mL, indicating the potential use of MAN in NLC as an alternative therapy for TNBC.