MICROBIOLOGICAL SOURCE TRACKING OF SALMONELLA SP. AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BY ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ANALYSIS METHOD IN THE UPPER CITARUM RIVER

• Main Author: Widya Dewi Kusumah, Siska
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/85567
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Increments of various problems that occur in the upper Citarum River have been observed. Sudden increase of critical land and water pollution from industrial activities, agriculture and domestic worsen the quality of the river. Targeted prevention efforts can only be performed if the source of pollutant had identified. With Microbiological Source Tracking method, contaminants can be traced to their source, so that the management efforts can be done by the concept of point source. MST has two main methods, the conventional and modern. The conventional method uses the characterization of microbial culture and biochemical tests, while the modern use phenotyping and genotyping. Antibody resistance analysis (ARA) can distinguished the same bacteria from different sources by the diversity of resistance to antibiotics. It could distinguish the source of Escherichia coli contamination whether it comes from humans or animals. In this research, the Upper Citarum River is divided into nine segments based on the presence of branching rivers. Tracking pathogenic bacteria, named Salmonella sp., is performed through Total Plate Count method. The results shows that the Ciwidey River that resides ini Cilampeni Village, Katapang District was the source of Salmonella sp.. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli are tracked down by testing the resistance of each isolate taken from all segments of Upper Citarum River to ten types of antibiotics. Sources of Escherichia coli can be divided into human, chicken, goat and cow. The results shows that Escherichia coli of human origin is dominant in Margaasih and Rancasari, whereas Escherichia coli of cows dominant at Baleendah segment. Escherichia coli originating from chickens and goats are surprisingly high in Margaasih segment. It is concluded that the distribution of Escherichia coli did not correlate with the number of livestock and sanitation coverage. In addition, the distribution of Escherichia coli as a fecal indicator bacteria from animal and human sources were not correlated with the number of species of pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella sp.. This study suggests that there is a need to find new indicator bacteria that could specifically trace the pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the result of ARA in Upper Citarum River is aimed to help the stakeholder in order to prevent the pollution of Fecal Coli directly from its source through directing the masterplan of fecal treatment installation