COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOUND CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES

• Main Author: Aikoo Mutiara K., Ananda
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/85699
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The increasing number of electric vehicles (EV) raises the need to understand their impact on environmental noise, considering the different sound characteristics of EV compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). However, noise simulation and mapping software currently have limited data on EV sound profiles, and research into EV noise characteristics has not been widely studied. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differences in noise levels and sound characteristics between EV and ICEV. The methods included sound pressure level (SPL) measurements on four types of vehicles, consisting of cars and motorcycles for both EV and ICEV, under static conditions (idle with engine and AC on) and dynamic conditions with five variations of constant speeds. The results show that under static conditions, ICE car produces the widest SPL range compared to ICE motorcycle and EV car, while the noise from EV motorcycle was not evaluated. In dynamic conditions, ICE motorcycle consistently produces the highest SPL, while EV motorcycle generates the lowest SPL, with the difference decreasing as speed increases, while EV car and ICE car generate similar SPLs. Additionally, the sound power level of EV car under static conditions is the highest, followed by ICE motorcycle and ICE car, while under dynamic conditions, the pattern is similar to the SPL pattern. The sound characteristics of the four vehicles also differ: the sound of EV motorcycle in dynamic condition is dominant at 20 Hz – 4 kHz, EV car at 20 Hz – 2,5 kHz, ICE motorcycle at 20 Hz – 5 kHz, and ICE car at 20 Hz – 31,5 kHz. Under static conditions, the sound of EV car is dominant at 315 Hz – 1 kHz, while ICE motorcycle and ICE car are dominant at 20 Hz – 250 Hz. The analysis of frequency characteristics under dynamic conditions using a linear regression model shows that changes in speed significantly affect the sound characteristics of the four vehicles. These results can be utilized to target certain frequencies to control the noise generated by vehicles, particularly focusing on the frequencies with the highest sensitivity and intercept. Keywords: electric vehicle (EV), internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), sound pressure level (SPL), sound power level, sound characteristics, static, dynamic ?