THE IMPACT OF TOURISM GENTRIFICATION ON THE BALINESE SETTLEMENT PATTERN (CASE STUDY: UBUD VILLAGE)

• Main Author: Pranawa Maheswara, Agung
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Produksi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86531
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

This study aims to formulate the impact of tourism gentrification on the settlement patterns in Bali, investigating whether tourism gentrification has occurred in Kelurahan Ubud and how it has affected the settlement patterns in the area. Kelurahan Ubud itself reflects a strong and deep-rooted Bali settlement pattern compared to other residential areas in Bali. As one of the world's leading international tourist destinations, Bali has experienced rapid growth in the development of tourism facilities, which directly affects the local community. Tourism gentrification occurs when newcomers or investors related to the tourism industry cause significant changes in the social, economic, and spatial structures of an area. The Bali settlement pattern follows a specific set of criteria in the implementation of buildings, external buildings, and the layout of the area, which is based on the concept of Tri Hita Karana. This concept serves as a harmonizer between the universe, the environment, and humanity. In the external building and area layout, the concepts of Tri Mandala and Sanga Mandala are applied as fundamental principles in spatial planning. Tri Mandala divides space into three main zones: the sacred zone (Utama Mandala), the middle zone (Madya Mandala), and the outer zone (Nista Mandala), each with its own functions and symbolism. Meanwhile, Sanga Mandala refers to the division of space into nine parts, following the cardinal directions, with the center as the most sacred area. These concepts are applied to external buildings to create harmony between humans, nature, and spirituality, reflecting the distinctive balance philosophy in Balinese culture. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative descriptive analysis and descriptive statistics. Primary and secondary data were collected through field observations and interviews using purposive sampling techniques. The study analyzes tourism gentrification through various variables, such as migration rates, changes in land use, land ownership and prices, consumption patterns, employment structures, psychological conditions of the community, investment, and facilities. Additionally, the Bali settlement pattern is divided into three variables: buildings, external buildings (within land plots), and area layout. The theoretical descriptive analysis method was used to achieve the first objective, identifying the criteria for tourism gentrification and Bali'siv settlement patterns. Descriptive statistics and empirical descriptive analysis were used to achieve the second objective, identifying the characteristics of tourism gentrification and the settlement patterns in the study area. Subsequently, the ideal conditions identified were compared with actual conditions in the field through a gap analysis to reveal changes in Bali’s settlement patterns caused by tourism gentrification. The findings from this analysis were then used to achieve the fourth objective, formulating the impact of tourism gentrification on Bali’s settlement patterns through triangulation techniques by comparing valid data from various sources. The study's results show that tourism gentrification has occurred in Kelurahan Ubud, as evidenced by several gentrification indicators. However, unlike common cases of tourism gentrification, no outward migration of the local population has occurred in this case due to the strong preservation of local culture and traditions in the area. Tourism gentrification has impacted Bali’s settlement patterns, with significant changes in buildings, external buildings, and area layout, ultimately diminishing the local identity.