THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEM-5E LEARNING MODULE ON APPLICATION OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS MOF 235(FE) AS MALACHITE GREEN DYE ADSORBENT FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

• Main Author: Hartanto, Octaviano
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86661
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Students' understanding of organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry is still relatively low, which leads to misconceptions or lack of concept comprehension, making it difficult for them to apply these concepts in real-life situations. A deep understanding and process skills are required to meet the Chemistry Learning Outcomes in Phase E (Grade 10) and Phase F (Grades 11 and 12) within the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia. Teachers face the challenge of designing engaging and relevant practical activities aligned with current chemistry developments to provide meaningful learning experiences. This study aims to synthesize the Metal-Organic Framework compound of MOF-235(Fe), examine its potential in adsorbing Malachite Green dye, and develop it into a chemistry learning module based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) integrated with the 5E learning cycle model (Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation). This is part of an effort to support the implementation of a new curriculum that aligns with 21st-century skills (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication). The module includes a solvothermal synthesis procedure for MOF-235(Fe) using a simplified method, allowing it to be implemented in school laboratories. Characterization results through XRD, SEM(EDS), and FT-IR confirmed that the synthesized MOF-235(Fe) has potential as an adsorbent for Malachite Green dye waste. Findings indicate that MOF-235(Fe) can be synthesized using a single solvent (DMF) or a mixed solvent (DMF and ethanol), though DMF yields better homogeneous crystals. Adsorption testing of Malachite Green on MOF-235(Fe) followed pseudo-second order kinetics, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity (Qe) of 1.472 mg.g-1 and a dye removal rate constant (k2) of 0.970 g.mg-1·minute-1. The learning process took place during the odd semester of the 2024/2025 academic year at SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bekasi, involving 196 students. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method with Rasch analysis in a Quasi-Experimental design supported by survey data. The results showed an increase in students' average understanding of chemical concepts from the pre-test (-0.44 logit) to the post-test (0.51 logit), though only the chemistry calculation concept out of the twelve tested concepts remained difficult for students to understand due to its difficulty level (0.70 logit) above their average ability, which is classified as "Moderate”, with only 46.94% of students able to grasp the concept. Based on the survey, most students agreed that they were interested in chemistry learning (0.53 logit) and enjoyed participating in laboratory activities (1.53 logit), though female students gaining a better learning experience compared to male students. The STEM group project, which encouraged students to create functional prototypes to enable the broader application of MOF-235(Fe) for treating areas contaminated with Malachite Green dye, received positive feedback. Students demonstrated high enthusiasm for applying learned theories practically and successfully incorporated all four STEM elements into their prototypes. A total of thirty prototype variations were designed, each with a distinct mechanism. Overall, the instrument analysis results from both tests and surveys indicated a positive impact of the STEM-5E-based module on the chemistry learning process.