ECOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS OF MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION IN SEDIMENTS AND FRESHWATER GASTROPODS MELANOIDES TUBERCULATA (MÃLLER, 1774) OF THE CITARUM RIVER DOWNSTREAM AREA
Microplastics of due to their small size are highly bioavailable and can be ingested by aquatic organisms such as gastropods, leading to toxic effects and bioaccumulation within the food chain. Microplastics vary in polymer type and toxicity, making risk assessment essential for understanding the...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86665 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Microplastics of due to their small size are highly bioavailable and can be ingested by
aquatic organisms such as gastropods, leading to toxic effects and bioaccumulation
within the food chain. Microplastics vary in polymer type and toxicity, making risk
assessment essential for understanding their potential threats to aquatic ecosystems. To
date, ecological risk assessments of microplastic contamination in the downstream
Citarum River have not been reported. This study aims to assess the ecological risks of
microplastic pollution in the downstream Citarum River. Sediment samples were
extracted to determine microplastic concentration and analyzed for polymer type using
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a basis for ecological risk
calculations. Risk assessment utilized the polymer hazard index (PHI), pollution load
index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The average microplastic
concentration in downstream Citarum sediment was 63.37 ± 33.06 MP particles per
100 g of sediment, higher than upstream, midstream, and estuary sites, with Location 3
showing the highest concentration at 104 ± 7.3 MP particles per 100 g. Small-sized
microplastics (57%) dominated, primarily fibers (70%) in red (30%) and blue (27%).
Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE) and Polyester (PES) were identified polymers.
Ecological risk analysis indicated hazardous levels, with PHI ranging from 7.7
(Category I) to 11.6 (Category II), PLI from 258.8 (Category IV) to 1144 (Category IV),
and PERI from 453 (High) to 6362 (Very Hazardous). Average microplastic
concentration in Melanoides tuberculata tissue was 3,47 ± 1,75 MP particles/g wet
weight or 0,738 ± 0,14 MP particles per individual, significantly correlating with sediment (r=0.95), water (r=0.92), and PERI (r=0.98) (p<0.05). |
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