THE UTILIZATION OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS TO SMOOTHEN POWER FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN A BALANCED THREE PHASE ELECTRICITY GRID

• Main Author: Ihsani Yuskar, Rahmat
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86694
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Humans as living beings must have self-awareness to adapt to nature. Humans are required to maintain and preserve the biodiversity on earth in order to create ecosystem balance and sustainability. Human behavior needs to be controlled so as not to damage the balance of the ecosystem by understanding the limitations in the use of nature and the environment. If this behavior has been achieved, then humans are able to contribute to maintaining the balance of nature. The earth is not only inhabited by humans, there are still other living beings who play an equal role in maintaining the balance of nature. Humans need to understand the reciprocal relationship between living beings and the surrounding environment. There are various beauties found on earth with the diversity of living beings, for example, various kinds of animals and plants that can be found in the forest. Humans are given advantages and gifts in the form of reason to maintain life and adapt to the environment. Humans get various solutions to overcome the imbalance of nature. These various solutions can be in the form of real thoughts or actions. The balance of nature can produce abundant energy sources for the sustainability of living beings. Energy sources that can be recycled or can be said to be inexhaustible, namely renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources can be found and available in nature. Renewable energy sources can be converted into electrical energy sources. Renewable energy sources are environmentally friendly. Renewable energy sources are converted into electrical energy sources through a process called energy conversion. The conversion process varies depending on the utilization of renewable energy sources used. The utilization of renewable energy sources into electrical energy sources can be an interesting thing to study, because in its implementation it involves a broad scientific field. Renewable energy sources can be found and utilized based on solar, wind, and ocean wave energy. These three energy sources are included in the category of energy sources whose energy is available at any time or obtained intermittently. This can happen due to various factors, including weather, climate, and environmental temperature. Humans can play a role in maintaining these factors so that they remain in a balanced condition. If one of these factors is in normal condition, then the other factors can follow. iv The most potential energy source is solar energy. The parameter utilized from the availability of solar energy sources is solar irradiation. Solar irradiation can be categorized as direct solar radiation or solar radiation that is spread in all directions. Solar energy sources can be utilized as a source of electrical energy. The value of solar irradiation can determine the level of electrical power. Solar energy sources are fluctuating, because they are influenced by atmospheric conditions, cloud patterns, and environmental temperature. A component is needed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. This component is a solar panel or photovoltaic (PV). Solar panels are made of silicon which consist of p-n junction semiconductor devices. Electric current can be obtained from solar panels because there is a collision process between photons and p-n junctions. The higher the solar irradiation, the greater the electric current produced, and vice versa. The solar panels are combined with power electronics converter that are capable of processing power so that they can be connected to the electricity grid. Solar irradiation can fluctuate at any time. The solar panel system can produce output power that also fluctuates due to the solar irradiation that is available at any time. Fluctuations in solar irradiation can occur in a short time, with units of seconds, and in a long time, with units of hours. In this thesis, it is explained how to smooth the output power of the solar panel system caused by fluctuations in solar irradiation. To smooth the output power of the solar panel system by using an energy storage system. Both systems are integrated and connected to a balanced three-phase power grid. The methods used are moving average (MA) and current control integrated into the control system for the energy storage system. Both methods are able to smooth the output power of the solar panel system caused by fluctuations in solar irradiation in a short time in seconds and in a long time in hours. The time span used in calculating the moving average or discrete time moving average to average a number of data samples to overcome fluctuations in output power in a short time for three seconds and to overcome fluctuations in output power in a long time for two and a half hours and five hours. The current control used is proportional integral (PI) current control. The PI current control used is divided into two, in order to find out the comparison of power quality and stability. The PI current control used is conventional PI current control and multi- resonant PI. The power quality obtained when the energy storage system using multi-resonant PI control is considered better in smoothing the output power of the solar panel system. The energy storage used is a valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, because it has reached the commercialization stage. To smooth the output power of the solar panel system connected to a balanced three-phase power grid depends on the performance of the control system used in the energy storage system.