DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE: OPTIMIZING SUBSIDY POLICY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WITH DISTANCE-BASED RATES CASE STUDY: LRT JABODEBEK PT KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO)

• Main Author: Wahyu Koconingrahayu, Dewi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Manajemen umum
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86838
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Transportation problems in the Jabodebek area, especially congestion, have become a major challenge for public mobility. Congestion in Jakarta is caused by several factors, including limited roads, dependence on private vehicles, and the increasing number of vehicles. As a solution, the Indonesian government developed the LRT Jabodebek project with the intention of reducing congestion and reducing public dependence on private vehicles. The LRT Jabodebek integrates Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) technology and the GoA 3 operating system (driverless), and connects strategic areas such as Bekasi, Dukuh Atas, and Cibubur with a total length of 44 km. This project is also connected to other modes of transportation such as KRL, BRT Transjakarta, and the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Train. However, this project faces various obstacles, such as land acquisition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and construction delays that have resulted in a delay in operations from 2019 to 2023. In addition, this project has experienced a cost overrun of IDR 2.6 trillion, which has the potential to affect the financial performance of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI). To ensure the financial feasibility of the project, the government provides subsidies aimed at reducing the burden of operational costs that must be borne by KAI. This study proposes the implementation of a distance-based rates system that better reflects actual costs and provides flexibility for passengers to choose efficient trips. In addition, this study also emphasizes the importance of a zone-based rate system, which is more in line with passenger travel patterns and provides more flexibility for users. The research method used is quantitative and literature research to analyze transportation policies in the Jabodebek area. The results of the Paired t-test show that the distance-based and zone-based rate systems are preferred by passengers compared to fixed tariff. The distance-based rates scheme increased interest by 16.73%, while the zone-based tariff increased by 17.55%. Both schemes are considered fairer and more in accordance with the distance or zone traveled. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the public prefers the implementation of a distance-based or zone-based rate system compared to the previously planned fixed tariff. This preference arises because of a greater sense of fairness, considering that distance-based or zone-based rate reflect the actual journey taken by users, so they are more in line with their needs and travel conditions. This study also shows that the implementation of a distance and zone-based tariff system can increase public interest in using the LRT Jabodebek, because this scheme is considered fairer and more flexible. This finding is supported by the results of statistical tests that show significant differences in public preference for the distance and zone-based rate system compared to fixed tariffs. The concept of Dynamic Governance as a subsidy policy (Public Service Obligation/PSO) also plays an important role, because it allows flexible adjustment of subsidy policies based on demand patterns, operational capacity, and dynamic socio-economic conditions. With the implementation of the dynamic governance concept, the LRT Jabodebek subsidy policy can be more responsive and efficient, ensuring that the subsidies provided are right on target and not excessive, and optimizing the potential revenue from adjusted tariffs. Thus, the implementation of this adaptive tariff system is expected to increase operational efficiency, reduce dependence on subsidies, and create a more sustainable and affordable transportation system for the community.