ANALYSIS OF THE HARMONIC AND POWER FACTOR EFFECT ON THE KWH METER MEASUREMENTS
PT PLN (Persero) is an electrical energy company which as a utility serves customers with various types of loads. As technology develops, customer loads, especially industrial customers, are increasingly dominated by non-linear loads such as Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). The switching mechanism...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86961 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | PT PLN (Persero) is an electrical energy company which as a utility serves customers with
various types of loads. As technology develops, customer loads, especially industrial
customers, are increasingly dominated by non-linear loads such as Variable Frequency Drive
(VFD). The switching mechanism for non-linear loads will cut the sinusoidal waveform of
voltage and current into an impure sinusoidal waveform. The process of changing the shape of
a sinusoidal wave is known as harmonic distortion. Technological developments in the
electric power system, especially for industrial customers, have also resulted in low power
factor values for some industrial customers.. The accuracy of measuring electrical energy
is very important to create business fairness between utility companies and customers,
therefore this research presents an investigation of the impact of harmonics and power factor
on kWh meters used by PT PLN (Persero) on industrial customers. The research results show
that harmonics have an influence on the measuring power and also the accuracy (deviation) of
the kWh meter, while the power factor has no effect on the accuracy of the kWh meter. The
test is carried out by supplying a load containing harmonic sources of orders 3, 5, and 7
alternately with values referring to IEC 62052-11 2020, while testing the influence of
power factor uses varying power factor values with intervals of 0,1 such as power factor
conditions in PT PLN (Persero) industrial customers . The Testing of harmonic effect on
measured power uses the empirical formula that reference to IEEE Std 1459-2010. We found
that the active power of the 3rd order and 5th order harmonics has a reverse direction (minus)
compared to the fundamental active power, while the 7th order harmonic distortion causes an
increase in the active power. The research results show that the formula used by the kWh
meter to calculate reactive power due to the influence of harmonics is not in accordance with
IEEE Std 1459-2010. The results of the kWh meter accuracy test show that harmonics cause
the kWh meter measurement deviation to exceed the limit in the accuracy class where 7th
order harmonics cause an error of +0.535%, 3rd order causes an error of -0.985% and 5th order
causes an error of -0.990. The results of kWh meter accuracy testing also show that the power
factor does not affect accuracy of the kWh meter. |
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